Exam 2

• Protists are not plants, animals, or fungi
• sessile is when an organism is stationary and doesn’t move as an adult
• animals can be grouped based on their embryonic tissues
• diploblasts are animals with two embryonic layers: the endoderm and ectoderm
• the ectoderm becomes the skin and nervous system
• the endoderm becomes the internal lining and guts
• triploblasts have three embryonic layers: the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm
• gastrulation is cell reorganization
• the blastopore is the divot which forms after gastrulation
• in protostomes, the blastopore becomes the mouth
• in deuterostomes, the blastopore becomes the butt
• humans are deuterostomes
• the two types of symmetry are radial and bilateral
• almost all animals have neurons and muscle cells
• the two types of nervous systems are a nerve net and a central nervous system
• Coelomates are organisms which have an enclosed body cavity lined with a mesoderm
• Acoelomates are organisms that dont have an enclosed body cavity
• pseudocoelomates are organisms with an enclosed body cavity partially lined with a mesoderm
• detritivores eat dead organic matter
• herbivores eat plants or algae
• carnivores eat animals and meat
• omnivores eat a combination of foods
• suspension feeders filter particles out of water and air
• deposit feeders eat organic matter that has been deposited
• mass feeders eat chunks of food
• fluid feeders consume liquids
• the five types of appendages are lobe-like, jointed, parapodia, tube feet, and tentacles
• There are three types of reproduction: external, internal, and asexual
• vivaparous organisms birth live young
• ovivaparous organisms birth eggs
• ovoviparous organisms have eggs inside and birth live young
• the two types of protostomes are lophotrochozoa and ecdysozoa
• lophotrochozoa have mouths for suspension feeding and swimming larvae
• lophotrochozoa grow incrementally
• ecdysozoa grow by molting
• insects and arthropods outnumber humans
• the four features of a chordate are a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve end, a post anal tail, and pharyngeal slits or pouches
• half of the vertebrates are fish
• adaptations are heritable traits that make individuals more likely to survive and reproduce in an environment
• many adaptations are trade offs