Chemistry-Unit A

• What does MSDS stand for?

  Material Safety Data Sheet
• Evidence of a chemical reaction has takenplace includes?

  C -colourO- odourS- solid (precipitate)G- GasE- Engery
• What's a mixture?

  2 or more substances mixed together Each substance still has its own uniqueproperties Example: salt and water – anythingdissolved
• What's a compound?

  2 or more elements One type of particle All the particles the same properties Example: salt, water
• What did Rutherford do?

  -He Discovered the nucleus-Did the Gold foil experiment-Shot positively charged particles at a think pieceof gold foil Expected all particles to go right through, thoughsome deflected right back Unexpected result; like firing a cannon ball attissue paper and having it bounce back!! What does this mean? Strong dense positively charged core, called thenucleus Most of the atom is empty space Nucleus very small (1/10 000 size of the atom)
• What did Tompson do?

  Discovered the elctron Experimented with beams of particlesin a vacuum tube Found that all elements produced thesame type of beam of negativecharges Atoms made of smaller subatomicparticles in different combinations Electrons imbedded in positive sphere
• What did Dalton do?

  Described atoms assmall spheres, differentin size, mass, andcolour depending ontype
• What was Bhors Model?


  Proposed that electrons surrounded the nucleus in specific energy levels Found evidence based on light released by hydrogen atoms (gaps betweenenergy levels) Falling from higher to lower energy levels releases colour of light Every element has its own unique pattern, and thus unique atomic structure
• What are metals split into?

  ◦ Metals◦ Non-metals◦ metalloids
• What are the properties of metals? Silver/grey and shiny Conductors of heat and electricity Malleable and ductile Most solid at room temperature Reactivity varies◦ Inert= unreactive
• What are the properties of non-metals?

  Vary is state, color and reactivity◦ Highly reactive= fluorine◦ Inert= noble gases
• What are the properties of metalloids?

  Vary is state, color and reactivity◦ Highly reactive= fluorine◦ Inert= noble gases
• What is an isotope?

  atoms of same element withdifferent number of neutrons
• What's ionization?

  Gaining/losing electrons
• What are cations?

  Positively charged ions Metal ion loses electrons
• What's an anion?

  Negatively charged ions Non-metal gains electrons
• Why do atoms gain or lose electrons?
• Why do atoms gain or lose electrons?

  To have full energy levels and be more stable likeclosest noble gas
• How do we form ionic compounds?

  – Transfer of electrons between atoms– Metal and non-metal
• What are the Ionic Compound rules?

  Two part name: cation and anion■ 1) name cation first with element’s name■ 2) name anion second with first part of name and change lastpart to “ide”
• What do you do when charges are not easy to balance?

  Find the lowest common multiple to balance the charges
• When do you use roman numerals?

  Only use Roman numerals when more than one ion (ONLY formultivalent metals)
• What are polyatomic ions?

  Polyatomic ions- ions made of several non-metallic atom
• What's a molecular compound?

  two or more non-metal atoms bonding
• What's solubility?

  the ability to dissolve
• What does aqueous mean?

  when something is very soluble
• What's a solid?

  when something is slightly soluble/doesn’tdissolve well
• A solution is a homogeneous mixture.
• The solute is the substance that is dissolved (less of it), and thesolvent does the dissolving (more of it)
• Water is a polar substance. This means that one end isslightly positive, the other slightly negative
• Water has a positive (hydrogen) and a negative (oxygen) en
• What do acids and bases do?

  Control digestion in our bodies (stomach acid andactivation and deactivation of enzymes
• What do acids taste like?

  sour (ex. Lemons‐ citric acid
• What do bases taste like?

  Bases‐ bitter (ex. Soap
• What do bases feel like?

  slippery to the touch and corrosive to the skin
• What do acids feel like?

  not slippery and corrosive to the skin
• Both acids and bases have or form ions in solution
• To determine pH and whether something is an acid orbase, we use what?

  An indicator
• Acid: blue litmus paper turns red
• Base: red litmus paper turns blue