Symptoms - Renal Disorders

Cards (12)

  • What are the phases of AKI?
    • Initiation (onset) phase: can last for hours to days
    • Oliguric phase: (can last up to 2 weeks or more)
    • Diuretic phase: (can last 13 weeks)
    • Recovery phase: (up to 12 mo)
  • What are the clinical manifestations presented in acute kidney injury?
    • Urine vol decreases (except diuretic phase)​
    • Fluid overload
    • Hyperkalemia
    • Decreased Na
    • Decreased calcium/Increased Phosphorus
    • Metabolic acidosis
    • Anemia
    • Increased BUN/Creatinine 
  • What are the symptoms of fluid overload that is present within AKI?
    Edemaweight gain, distended neck veins, HTN, pulmonary edema
  • How do the symptoms of increased BUN/Creatinine present in the patient with AKI?
    impaired clearance, dehydration, increased protein breakdown
  • What should you consider if gross or microscopic hematuria with hypotension & tachycardia appear on a patient with renal trauma?
    Vascular injury = hemorrhage!
  • What are the symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis?
    • Cola-colored urine = hematuria; proteinuriaabdominal or flank pain, oliguria*, HTN, headache​
    •  Sx of fluid overload [generalized edema, periorbital edema, pulmonary edema, dyspnea, HTN,] because of Na and water retention 
  • What are the symptoms of polycystic kidney disease?
    HTN (1st sign)
    • flank/lumbar dull ache pain [progresses to sharp as cysts rupture]
    • pyuriahematuria
    • kidney stones, UTI
    • constipation
    • palpable kidney mass
    • signs of kidney failure
  • What are the symptoms of renal cancer?
    Initially asymptomatic...​
    • Classic Triad
    • [Flank mass, Flank pain, Hematuria], 
    • weight loss, HTN, fever, anemia 
  • What are the symptoms of renal trauma?
    • *Hematuria [gross or microscopic], 
    • colicky flank pain,
    • palpable mass/swelling in affected flank area​
    • Grey Turner's Sign: bruising over flank d/t retro-peritoneal bleeding​
    • Cullen's sign: bruising around the umbilicus ​
    • Sx of shock w/ severe bleed 
  • What are the symptoms of chronic kidney disease?
    Devastating effect of every body system...​
    • Na & Fluid imbalances [HTN, HF, pulmonary edema],
    • Altered K excretion [lethal arrhythmias]
    • Impaired metabolic waste elimination
    • [GIN/V, anorexia]
    • [Neuroheadache, lethargy, fatigue, confusion],
    • Altered CaP lvls [bone breakdown, osteodystrophy]
    • Dec acid clearance & bicarb production [metabolic acidosis]
    • Endocrine & Reproductive Dysfunction [infertility, amenorrhea, hyperparathyroidism & thyroid abnormalities]
    • Decreased erythropoietin production [anemia] 
  • What kind of renal dysfunction causes EKG abnormalities?
    worsening Hyperkalemia
  • What do the EKG abnormalities progress to in the state of hyperkalemia in AKI?
    Normal --> Peaked T waves --> Widened QRS --> absent P waves