The Periodic Table of Elements

• Representative Elements

  s-block and p-block
• Transition Elements


  d-block
• Lanthanide and Actinide Series

  f-block
• Bridge Elements

  Diagonally Related Elements
• Metalloids

  Zigzag line
• Metalloid Elements

  Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Pol onium, Antimony, Arsenic, and Tellurium
• Metals


  Found on the left side of the periodic table
• Nonmetals


  Found on the right side of the periodic table (including Hydrogen)
• Metals

  • Good conductors of heat and electricity
  • Form basic oxides (Anyhydrides)
  • Lustrous, ductile, malleable (thin sheets) Gold is the most malleable metal.
  • High Density
  • High melting point
  • Tends to lose electrons (LEORA)
• Non-metals

  • Poor conductors of heat and electricity
  • Form acid oxides
  • Dull and brittle if solid
  • Low density
  • Low melting point
  • Tends to gain electrons (GEROA)
• Electronegativity


  Ability of an element to attract electrons to itself
• Electron Affinity


  Energy gained by an atom when an electron is added to it
• Ionization Energy

  • AKA: Ionization Potential
  • Amount of energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom
• Antoine Laurent Lavoisier

  • Conceptualized the “First True Periodic Table”
  • Number of Elements: 33
• Johann Dobereiner

  Law of triads
• John Newlands

  Law of Octaves
• Meyer and Mendeleev

  • According to them, they arranged the periodic table by increasing mass number/atomic weight
  • Mendeleev can predict the characteristics of the element even though it is still not discovered
• Henry Moseley

  • Modern Period Law
  • He arranged the modern periodic table by increasing atomic number
• Eka-Aluminum

  Gallium (discovered by Paul Boisbaudran)
• Eka-Silicon

  Germanium
• Eka-Manganese

  Technetium
• Eka-Boron

  Scandium