human health

• health and well being is dynamic meaning it is continually changing
• health and wellbeing is subjective, meaning its different things to different people and is influenced by or based on personal beliefs, feelings or opinions
• whats the WHO's definition of health?

  health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmly
• what are some limitations for the WHOs definition?

  • using such a broad definition to make a judgement about whether a person is healthy or not can be difficult
  • it doesn't recognise "spiritual" or "emotional" health and well being
  • achieve "complete" well being in even one of the dimensions identified is difficult
• whats a good definition of health and well-being?

  health and wellbeing relates to the state of a persons physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual well being and is characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged
• what is health?

  physical ,social, mental, emotional and spiritual
• well being

  an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable, engaged
• what is health and well-being?

  a persons physical , social, emotional , mental and spiritual existence characterised by equilibrium in which they feel happy, healthy, capable and engaged
• what are the 5 dimss of health and well-being?


  physical, social, mental, emotional, spiritual
• what is physical health and well being?

  physical health relates to the functioning of the body and its system, it includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities or task

  examples

  • maintaining a health body weight
  • absence of illness
  • level of physical fitness
  • having the strength and energy to do daily physical task
• what is spiritual health and well being?

  spiritual health is not material in nature but relates to ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the minds and conscience of human beings

  examples

  • organised religion
  • higher power and prayer
  • peace and harmony
  • sense of purpose in life
• what is emotional health and wellbeing?

  emotional health relates to the ability to manage and express feelings in a positive way and being able to display resilience in everyday life

  example

  • having a high level of resilience
  • effectively respond to and manage emotions
  • recognise and understand
  • experience appropriate emotions in different scenarios
• what is mental health and well being?

  mental health is the current state of well being relating to the mind of brain and it relates to the ability to think and process information

  example

  • low levels of stress and anxiety
  • high levels of confidence
  • positive self esteem
  • positive thought patterns ( being optimistic )
• what is social health and wellbeing?

  social health and well being is concerned with the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others as well as the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situation

  example

  • supportive networks of friends
  • effective communication with other
  • supportive and well functioning
  • productive relationship with other people
• what is SES?

  socioeconomics state

  what does SES mean?

  socioeconomic status is a measure of your social and economic position, bases on an income, level of education and occupation
• what is the SES perpective?

  lower SES group generally have a lower level of health literacy and are more likely to have "less" informed opinions about healthy and inhealthy behaviours
• what is an example of SES/behaviours

  • disadvantage socioeconomics status view health - less important - secondary matter ( priority is food, shelter, education, gaining employment )
  • score lower on the self assessed health status
  • less likely to use preventing health
  • wait longer to see medical intervation for illness
• gender

  men and women generally assess their overall health status similarly social health and well being has equal priority for males and females
• females are usually more health consciousness on health and well being, they're more likely to get help for mental health issues where as men are less likely to think they are at risk of illness of injury and are less accurate in reporting that they're overweight
• men are less likely than women to perceive themselves as being at risk of illness or injury and other health problem and they're less accurate in reporting their levels of being overweight

  young men tend to connect health and well being with fitness being the ability to participate in their chosen sport at a higher level
• what are the different ages in the list

  primary (5-8 year old)

  youth (9-15 year old)

  young people (15-24 year old)

  early adulthood (25-39 year old)

  middle adulthood (40-64 year old)

  late adulthood (65 year old)
• what are some priorities for primary (5-8 year old)?

  • focus upon healthy body and growing up safe
  • learning how to identify and control emotion
• what are some priorities for youth (9-15 year old)?

  • diet (junk food, nutrition (weight) sport (fitness)
  • personal hygiene and mental ( depression, anxiety)
• what are some priorities for young people (15-24 year old)?

  • physical health and wellbeing remain the focus, weight, fitness, diet, nutrition with relationship becoming important
  • risk taking behaviour - alcohol, drugs, unsafe sex
  • mental health discorders contribute 50 percent of burden of disease mainly from depression and anxiety
• what are some priorities for early adulthood (25- 39year old)?

  body is at peak physically so fitness is important, fitness, weight, body image

  relationship - more important intimacy many people find a partner and have children

  social and emotional health and well being - emotional health is important for managing emotion as stress from marriage and children
• what are some priorities for middle adulthood (40-64 year old)?

  illness prevention from chronic diseases

  cardiovascular disease and cancer become the focus.

  accepting the physiological change

  decreasing physical fitness, body image can be challenging to adjust to
• what are some priorities for late adulthood (65+ year old)?

  illness prevention is still the priority, living independently with a degree of mobility mental stimulation maintain cognitive function and mental health and well being social health and well being shift focus back to our family as grandparent
• what is dynamics?

  changes with age, it provides a useful snap shot of a population health status

  younger Australian generally rate their health as better then older people
• what is self assessed health status?

  this measure is based on a persons own opinion regarding how they feel their own overall health and well being is "at a given point in time" and this is subjective
• what is mortality?

  mortality refers to death (mortal- can die, immortal -cannot die)

  the mortality rate is the number of death
• what is what is morbidity?

  relates to ill health in an individual or population/group from disease, injury and disability
• morbidity reduces the quality of life

  morbidity rate, is the measure of how many people suffer from a particular condition during a given time period
• what is YLL?

  years of life lost
• what does YLD mean?

  years lost of disability
• what is prevalence?

  the number of population of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time

  eg - there's 2000 people suffering from flu together
• what is incidence?

  the number of new cases of a condition during a given period of time

  eg- there were 47 new cases this week
• what is burden?

  a load, typically a heavy one
• the impact of mortality and morbidity on society(using data) its done by measuring the gap being current health status and an idea situation
• burden of disease is measured in unit called disability - adjusted life year or daly

  one daly is the equivalent time of healthy years lost as a result of living with a disease or disability
• years of life lost (YLL) + years lost due to disability (YLD) = DALY