Volatile Metals

• Zinc

  Present in insulin and carbonic anhydrates
• Volatile Metals


  Exhibit auto-complexation
• Deficiency of Zinc

  • Parakeratosis
  • Poor Wound Healing
• Toxicity of Zinc

  Metal fume fever
• Antidote for Zinc Toxicity

  Sodium bicarbonate
• Use of Zinc

  • Zinc is largely used for galvanizing iron
  • Positive in Rinmann’s green test
• Identification Test for Zinc - Dithizone Test: C13H12N4S

  Zinc + dithizone in CCl4 produces green color of the reagent that changes to purple-red.
• Zinc Acetate (ZnC4H6O4)

  • Astringent
  • Mild antiseptic
• Zinc Eugenol Cement

  Dental protective
• Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) - Buffer of Zinc

  • Antiseptic
  • Astringent
• Zinc Oxide (ZnO) (Flowers of Zinc/ Zinc nitrile/ Lasaar’s Paste)

  • Astringent
  • Mild antiseptic
• Zinc Sulfide (ZnS) - (White lotion/White sulfide)

  • Lithopone: 30% ZnS 70% BaS
  • This is used in light-colored paste.
• Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO4 ∙H2O) - White Vitriol

  • Astringent
  • Emetic
  • Ingredient in white lotion
• Cadmium

  • Pharmacologic Use: Astringent
  • Other Uses: Manufacture of stink bomb
• Poisoning of Cadmium - Itai-itai Disease

  Cadmium replaces Ca
• Treatment for Itai-itai Disease

  • Chronic: Palliative care
  • Acute: EDTA
• Cadmium Nitrate (Cd (NO3)2)

  Use as a reagent in Browning-Palmer (Test for ferricyanide)
• Cadmium Sulfate (CdSO4)

  Astringent in ophthalmic practice
• Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) - Cadmium yellow

  The only yellow sulfide
• Other names for Mercury

  1. Hydrargyrum
  2. Quicksilver
  3. Messenger of the Gods
• Mercury was obtained from Cinnabar (HgS)
• Mercury

  Treatment for syphilis (No longer use)
• Industrial Use of Mercury

  • Thermometer
  • Amalgam (No longer use as dental cement)
• Toxicity of Mercury

  1. Pink Disease (Acrodynia)
  2. Erethism
  3. Minamata Disease (Methyl mercury)
  4. Methylmercury
• Antidote for Mercury Toxicity

  • EDTA (Hexadentate Ligand)
  • Best antidote for methylmercury: Na formaldehyde sulfoxylide
• How to remove Mercury that falls into cracks?

  Cover with sulfur.
• Test for Mercurous:

  Mercurous forms white precipitate with HCl and blackens upon addition of ammonium hydroxide.
• Test for Mercuric:

  Mercuric ion gives a yellow precipitate with NaOH and scarlet red precipitate with an excess KI.
• Mercurous Chloride (HgCl or Hg2Cl2) - Calomel

  Cathartic
• Mercuric Chloride (HgCl2) - Corrosive Sublimate

  Disinfectant
• Mercuric Iodide - Red Mercuric Iodide

  Used externally as a stimulant
• Mercurous Iodide - Yellow Mercurous Iodide

  Treatment of syphilis
• Mercuric Oxide differs in particle size:

  • Red Mercuric Oxide - Coarse
  • Yellow Mercuric Oxide - Fine