Carbon Group

• Carbon

  • The King of All Elements
  • Mass number: 12
  • Allotropes: Graphite & Diamond
• Diamond

  The purest native form of uncombined carbon. It is one of the hardest known substances (10 on Mohs scale)
• Tracy Hall


  Known for inventing synthetic diamond.
• Crystalline Form of Carbon

  • Graphite - Greek meaning: “to write”
  • Diamond
• Amorphous Form of Carbon

  • Bituminous (Soft coal)
  • Anthracite (Hard coal)
• Other forms of Carbon:

  • Charcoal
  • Lampblack and carbon black
  • Coke (Impure form of Carbon)
  • Gas carbon
• Activated Charcoal

  • It is use for its adsorptive properties in the treatment of stomach and intestinal disorders.
  • Ingredient in universal antidote
  • 2 parts activated charcoal, 1 part magnesium oxide and tannic acid.
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

  • Treatment of acne, warts, corns, calluses, eczema.
  • Inhalations of oxygen containing 5% CO2 are effective in treating CO, alcohol, methanol, morphine poisoning.
• Dry Ice

  Solid carbon dioxide
• Carbon dioxide stimulates vasomotor and respiratory center.
• Carbon Dioxide is also known as:

  Carbonic acid gas
• Carbon Monoxide (CO)

  Toxic Gas
• Carbon Monoxide (CO)

  • Antiseptic
  • The affinity of hemoglobin for CO is 210 x greater than it is for oxygen
  • Very low concentration of CO in air (0.2 to 0.4%) is fatal.
  • It produces a very stable, cherry red carbonic oxide hemoglobin which prevent the hemoglobin from uniting with oxygen, it results to asphyxia
  • Manifestation: Bright red skin
• Treatment for Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

  • 100% oxygen
  • Artificial air (80% Helium:20% Oxygen)
  • Hyperbaric oxygen
  • 5% CO2 + Oxygen
• Carbon Trioxide (CO3)

  • Antacid
  • Used for effervescent tablet
• Tetrachloroethylene

  Synthesized from dry hydrogen chloride and carbon monoxide at 300 degrees and 200 atm pressure.
• Silicon

  Discovered by Berzelius in 1823.
• Amorphous Silicon

  Dark brown
• Crystalline silicon

  Semi-metallic silicon – Silvery octahedral crystals
• Silicosis

  Condition resembling TB in symptoms that develops after long exposure
• Antidote for Silicosis

  Alumina
• Silica Gel Fume

  Condensation of silica vapor.
• Silica gel is prepared by hydrolysis of inorganic or organic orthosilicates.
• Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Silica

  • Glidant
  • Quartz: Nearly pure silica
• Kaolin is also known as...

  • Native Hydrated Aluminum Silicate
  • Bolus alba
  • China Clay
  • Kaolinite
  • Porcelain clay
• Kaolin is used as...

  Adsorbent in diarrhea
• Bentonite is also known as...

  • Native colloidal hydrated aluminum silicate
  • Soap clay
  • Mineral soap
  • Whilnite
• Bentonite is used as...

  • Suspending agent
  • Note: Most abundant of all clays.
• Talc is also known as...

  • Native Hydrous Magnesium Silicate
  • Talcum
  • Soapstone
  • French chalk
• Talc is used as...

  • Filtering agent
  • Clarifying agent
  • Dusting powder
• Talc is the softest mineral known.
• Attapulgite is also known as...

  Native Hydrated Magnesium Aluminum Silicate
• Attapulgite is used as...

  An ingredient in Polymagma, Diatabs, Quintess
• Aluminum Silicates is also known as...

  Polydimethylsiloxane
• Use of Aluminum Silicates

  Antifoaming Agent
• Simethicone-containing Antacids:

  • Kremil-S
  • Di-gel
  • Mylanta
  • Simeco
• Germanium

  • AKA: Eka-silicon
  • Possesses immune system enhancing and anti-tumor effect
• Germanium dioxide (GeO2)

  • Increase the formation of red blood cells
  • Treatment of Anemia
• Tin is also known as...

  Stannum (Latin)
• Pharmacologic Action of Tin

  It has a germicidal effect against Staphylococci Bacteria