Triads

• Tried were conceptualized by

  Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner
• Iron 


  Ferrum
• Iron is present in the following proteins:

  • Hemoglobin (Carries oxygen)
  • Transferrin (Transfer of Iron)
  • Ferritin (Storage of Iron)
  • Cytochrome enzyme (Same with Copper)
• What enhances the absorption of Iron?

  1. Vitamin C
  2. Copper
• Iron is best absorbed in the Duodenum.
• The best-known hypothesis of iron absorption:

  Mucosal black postulation by Hahn
• Use of Iron

  Hematinic
• ADR of Iron

  Black Stool
• Deficiency of Iron

  Iron-deficiency anemia
• Toxicity of Iron results in:

  • GIT Distress
  • Cardiac Collapse
  • Hemochromatosis
• Antidote for Iron Toxicity:

  Deferoxamine (Desferal) (S. pilosus)
• Cast Iron (Pig Iron)


  Crude metal iron from blast furnace (92- 94%)
• Cemenitite (White Cast Iron)


  Solid solution of hard, brittle iron carbide
• Gray Cast Iron (Graphite Scales)

  Liquid iron is run into sand molds and allowed to cool
• Wrought Iron


  Product obtained by removing most of the impurities from cast iron.
• Iron Pyrite (Fool’s Gold)


  A native iron sulfide
• Reduced Iron

  Made from ferric oxide with the addition of hydrogen
• Alloys of Iron:

  1. Steel
  2. Misch Metal
• Steel


  Made up of Iron and Carbon
• Misch metal

  70% Cerium and 30% Iron
• Identification Test: Ferric Salts

  • Acid ferric salt solutions give a dark blue precipitate with potassium ferrocyanide T.S.
  • Excess NaOH T.S. produces a reddish-brown precipitate of ferric hydroxide.
  • With ammonium thiocyanate (SCN) T.S. a deep-red is formed.
• Identification Test: Ferrous Salts

  • Solutions of ferrous salts give a dark blue precipitate with potassium ferricyanide T.S.
  • The precipitate is insoluble in diluted HCl but is decomposed by NaOH T.S.
• Ferrous sulfate (FeSO4)


  Green Vitriol
• Uses of Ferrous Sulfate

  • Hematinic
  • Most economical and most satisfactory form of iron preparation
  • S/E: Constipation or black stool
• Ferrous Gluconate (FeC12H24O14)

  Fergon
• Uses of Ferrous Gluconate

  • Hematinic
  • Least Potent
• Ferrous fumarate (FeC4H2O4)

  Toleron
• Uses of Ferrous fumarate

  • Hematinic
  • Most Potent
  • Less irritating to the GI Tract
• Ferrous carbonate (FeCO3)

  Chalybeate Pills or Ferroginous Pills
• Use of Ferrous carbonate

  Hematinic
• Uses of Ferric chloride

  • Astringent
  • Styptic
  • Used for the detection of Tannins
  • Treatment for Poison Ivy (Delayed hypersensitivity)
• Tannins: Greenish Black

  Condensed
• Tannins: Bluish Black 


  Hydrolysable
• Ferric ferrocyanide (Fe4[Fe (CN)6]3)


  Prussian Blue
• Ferrous ferricyanide (Fe3[Fe (CN)6]2)


  Turnbull’s Blue
• Uses of Ferric oxide (Fe2O3)


  Makes calamine pink
• Ferrous ammonium sulfate


  Mohr’s Salt
• Use of Ferrous ammonium sulfate

  Used in analytical chemistry
• Use of Iron Sorbitex

  Complex of Iron, Sorbitol, Citric Acid & Dextran
• Ferric Ammonium Sulfate

  Monse’s Reagent