PMNL PRELIMS

• Use of strategic planning in hospital and community settings

  1. Results in higher sales and profitability

  2. Leads to more clinical or value-added services

  3. Improves administrative, distributive, and clinical performance especially in hospitals
• General Management involves planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources towards achieving desired results
• Importance of human relationships in management

  • Managers act in two-way relationships influenced by each other
  • Relationships have spill-over effects on other people
  • Managers juggle multiple simultaneous relationships
• Management is the function that coordinates the efforts of people to accomplish goals and objectives utilizing available resources efficiently and effectively
• Management-minded pharmacy managers look for opportunities to generate additional revenue and decrease expenses effectively
• Results-driven tasks involve performance, productivity, maximization of profits, and economic results
• Requirements for managing a pharmacy effectively


  • Establish correct priorities
  • Define objectives in quantifiable and measurable terms
  • Implement clear policies, procedures, systems, and methods
  • Utilize practical control mechanisms with appropriate budgets
  • Identify tasks and group related activities suited to a responsive organizational structure
  • Provide motivation and rewards program
  • Implement training and development programs
  • Monitor, evaluate, and measure actual performance against desired goals
• Pharmacists need more training during their professional education to achieve excellence in clinical service
• Effectiveness means doing the right thing the first time and all the time, while efficiency pertains to input effort in all areas of activity
• People-focused businesses consider employees as the firm's greatest asset
• Pharmacists, owners, and operators of pharmacies need to enhance core competencies to successfully manage an enterprise
• Interdependence among departments/groups


  Has a positive impact on the commitment of pharmacists
• A good pharmacy manager deals with issues regarding third-party payers and identifies payers for quality patient care
• Management

  • Deals with time and human relationships in organizations
  • Involves creating a desirable future while considering the past and present
  • Reflects a particular historical area
  • Produces consequences and effects over time
• Managerial and Entrepreneurial
• Management is a continuing complex social process of integrating the efforts of employees, each of whom has his own values
• Effective pharmaceutical management and/or pharmaceutical administration is crucial for the success of community, hospital pharmacy, or any drug establishment
• A manager can also be called as supervisors, administrators, program head, dean, dean associate
• Visionary businesses balance present and future demands
• Customer-oriented businesses focus on creating customers, markets, and satisfying wants
• Innovative businesses continuously improve products and services, redirect resources for high-yielding results, and modify operations
• Although competitive and equitable pay matters and money can be a demotivator, it rarely matters most to employees
• Management Process

  1. Planning

  2. Organizing

  3. Leading

  4. Controlling
• Controlling


  Measuring and correcting the activities of subordinates and the company itself to assure conformity with its plans
• Although management fundamentals may be similar from organization to organization, the most effective managers are those who understand the context in which their organization exists, the organization's unique culture, and the industry and the organization-specific knowledge required to get things done
• Activities involved in planning

  • Developing objectives
  • Forecasting
  • Programming
  • Scheduling
  • Budgeting
  • Developing policies
  • Establishing procedures
• Staffing

  1. Determining what positions to be filled

  2. Preparing the job description

  3. Identifying the sources of potential applicants

  4. Search, interview and select applicants

  5. Orienting new employees to their job

  6. Train and evaluate their performance
• Management

  • Management is the art of maximizing productivity by using and developing people’s talent while providing them with self-enrichment and opportunities for growth
  • Management is concerned with the allocation and use of resources to accomplish tasks and achieve objectives
• Management is a distinct social process directly related to executive managerial decisions and actions
• Knowledge about origins of various management approaches and insights concerning conceptual framework that have been most effective can help pharmacist managers focus on management approaches that work and avoid those that do not
• Manager, executive, administrator, supervisor, leader are almost synonymous in the field of management
• Interesting, challenging, purposeful work and recognition are more important to employees than just competitive pay
• Planning


  Formulation of objectives, programs, policies, procedures, rules, and regulations in order to achieve the goals of the business
• Organizing


  Grouping people, establishing relationships among them, and defining the authority and responsibility that they have
• Strong managers surround themselves with talented people and develop these individuals into high-performing team members who can translate vision into reality
• Directing

  1. Setting personnel goals

  2. Establishing work standards

  3. Developing leadership style

  4. Motivating personnel

  5. Training, retraining and evaluating personnel

  6. Disciplining, dismissing and promoting personnel
• Organizing


  The process of classifying and categorizing personnel, establishing relationships among them, and defining their authority and responsibilities
• Organizing


  Classifying and categorizing personnel, establishing relationships among them, and defining their authority and responsibilities
• Organizing can help maximize the productivity of the organization by bringing to light idle resources and duplicate tasks
• Organizing is important in the overall management of an organization because it is the primary mechanism that managers use to implement plans