NEMATODES 1

• 3 layers of ascaris ova : Mammiliated albuminous covering , Chitin layer (Thickest) , Vitelline layer
• The hepato-tracheal migration phase of the parasite is about 14 days
• Embryonation of ova in soil lasts for 3 weeks and can survive in the soil for 2 days
• Diagnostic stage of ascaris : unembryonated ovum
• treatment for ascaris : Albendazole , Mebendazole , Pyrantel pamoate
• Loeffler’s syndrome – a disease in which eosinophils accumulate in the lung in response to a parasitic infection (mimics pneumonia, asthma)
• Infective stage of ascaris: Embryonated Egg
• Severe infection can cause intestinal obstruction, intussusception and volvulus
• Infective stage if trichuris : Embryonated egg
• Diagnostic stage of trichura: Unembryonated egg in stool
• trichuris trichiura ovum has prominent hyaline polar plug
• Infective stage capillaria : Encysted larva
• Diagnostic stage of capillaria : Unembryonated ova
• Autoinfection is possible in capillaria with larviparous females