A History of Global Politics: Creating International Border

• international relations is the study of the interactions between two or more countries.
• internationalization is the study of phenomenon of the deepening interaction between states.
• internationalization is not equal to globalization, it is a major part of globalization.
• states/governments are ke drivers of global processes.
• world politics today has 4 key attributes.
• countries that are independent can interact through diplomacy.
• diplomacy is the process of representation and negotiation by which states customarily deal with one another in times of peace. -padelford and lincoln
• diplomacy is the normal means of conducting international relations.
• international organizations provide a platform for international talks.
• there are states with multiple nations.
• the nation of scotland has its own flag and national culture but still belongs to a state called United kingdom
• if there states with multiple nations, there are also a single nation with multiple states.
• the nation of South Korea is divided into North and South Korea.
• the chinese nation may refer to both the peoples republic of china (the mainland) and taiwan.
• state refers to a country and its government.
• state is an independent political entity with clear geographic boundaries.
• states have four attributes: people, territory, government, sovereignty.
• a state exercises authority over a specific population called citizens.
• the most important element as without people all other three elements are nothing.
• a state is created for the people.
• there is no exact number if people required to create a state; however, it should be numerous enough to defend territory and feed themselves.
• a state govers a specific territory.
• a state has control over the territory where citizens inhabit.
• territory of state includes aerial, fluvial, maritime, terrestrial.
• aerial territory is the sky and space above.
• the fluvial territory is the lakes, rivers, and inland waters
• maritime territory is the seas, and oceans
• a state has a structure of government that crafts various rules that people follow
• the word government is derived from Latin word gubernaculum meaning rudder and gubernare which means to steer, direct, or control.
• government is a rudder which means to steer the ship of the state
• the state has sovereignty over its territory.
• sovereignty means supreme power or authority
• internal sovereignty is the right of state to have control over domestic affairs of state.
• external sovereignty is the indepedence of states from foreign control
• nation is an imagined community. - benedict anderson
• a nation is a group of people with a sense of unity based on importance the group attributes to a shared trait, or custom.
• a common language, religiom, ethnicity, race, and/or culture are often the foundations of national identity.
• various cultural communities came to consider themselves nations but were never able to establish their own nation-state. they are thus called stateless nations.
• state-building often starts at nation-building
• treaty of westphalia in 1648 sets the agreement signed to end third year's war between the major continental powers.