C3 ANATOMY

• located within the skull and spine

  central nervous system
• outside the skull and spine

  peripheral nervous system
• part of the PNS which interacts with the external environment

  somatic nervous system
• composition of somatic nervous system

  afferent nerves

  efferent nerves
• carry sensory signals from skin, skeletal muscles, joints, eyes, ears to the CNS

  afferent nerves
• carry motor signals from the CNS to skeletal muscles

  efferent nerves
• part of PNS that regulates the body's internal environment

  autonomic nervous system
• ANS' 2 kinds of efferent nerves:

  sympathetic nerves

  parasympathetic nerves
• autonomic motor nerves that project from the CNS in the lumbar and thoracic regions of spinal cord

  sympathetic nerves
• automatic motor nerves that project from the brain and sacral region of the spinal cord

  parasympathetic nerves
• protective casing of brain and spinal cord

  meninges
• outer meninx is a tough membrane called, tough mother

  dura mater
• spider web-like membrane inside the dura mater

  arachnoid membrane
• space beneath the arachnoid membrane which contains many large blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid

  subarachnoid membrane
• innermost meninx which adheres to the surface of the CNS

  pia mater
• also protects the CNS, fills the subarachnoid space , central canal of the spinal cord and cerebral ventricles of the brain

  cerebrospinal fluid
• small central channel that runs the length of the spinal cord

  central canal
• 4 large internal chambers of the brain

  cerebral ventricles
• what are the 4 large internal chambers of the brain

  2 lateral ventricles

  third ventricle

  fourth ventricle
• interconnected by a series of openings and thus form a single reservoir

  subarachnoid space

  central canal

  cerebral ventricles
• supports and cushions the brain

  cerebrospinal fluid
• cerebrospinal fluid is produced by

  choroid plexuses
• mechanism that impedes the passage of many toxic substances from blood into the brain

  blood-brain barrier
• SNS includes ___ nerves that carry motor signals form the CNS to the muscles

  efferent
• ___is the part of the PNS that regulates the body's internal environment

  ANS
• the brain and the spinal cord are the only organs that are protected with 3 layers of protective membranes called ___

  meninges
• ___ or tough mother is the outer meninx

  dura mater
• the ___ nervous system is activated when you encounter a threatening information such as a bear attacking you, this system is essential for the initiation of fight-or-flight responses

  sympathetic
• motor nerves that project from the brain and lower region of the spine are called ___ nerves

  parasympathetic nerves
• ___nerve is a purely sensory nerve that transfers visual information from the retina of the eye to the brain

  optic
• ___ nerve is the nerve cell that extends directly from the brain to the gut

  vagus
• ___is a channel that connects the third and fourth ventricles in the brain

  cerebral aqueduct
• the ventricles of patients with a congenital condition called ___ build up fluid as a result of blocked channels in the brain

  hydrocephalus
• many toxic substances that are present in the bloodstream are prohibited from entering the brain by a mechanism called the ___

  blood-brain barrier
• unlike large toxic molecules, ___, which is critical for the function of the brain, is actively transported through the vessel walls

  glucose
• composed of lipid bilayer or 2 layers of fat molecules

  neuron cell membrane
• neuron with more than 2 processes extending from its cell body

  multipolar neuron
• neuron with one process extending from its cell body

  unipolar neuron
• neurons with short axon or no axon at all, integrate neural activity within a single brain structure

  interneurons
• semipermeable membrane that encloses the neuron

  cell membrane