how do cells function

• Cell membranes are made up of phospholipids, which have hydrophilic (water-loving) heads and hydrophobic (water-hating) tails.
• The endoplasmic reticulum regulates the folding and transport of proteins.
• The cell membrane is the outermost layer that surrounds all living cells.
• The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing certain substances to pass through while preventing others from doing so.
• Cholesterol molecules are embedded within the lipid bilayer, helping to maintain its fluidity at different temperatures.
• Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials within the cell.
• Ribosomes synthesize proteins using information from DNA.
• Mitochondria generate energy through aerobic respiration.
• Glycoproteins are proteins with carbohydrate groups attached to them.
• Protein channels allow specific molecules or ions to cross the membrane without disrupting its structure.
• Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
• Nucleus contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities.
• Cytoplasm is where most chemical reactions occur and houses ribosomes.
• Cytosol is the fluid inside the cell where most chemical reactions occur.
• Cell wall provides structural support and protection, but not present in animal cells.
• Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are involved in photosynthesis.
• Cell wall provides structural support, protection, and shape retention.
• Vacuole stores water, waste products, pigments, and enzymes.
• Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis.
• Mitochondria produce energy through aerobic respiration.
• Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials within the cell.
• Vacuoles store water, nutrients, and wastes.
• Lysosome breaks down waste materials within the cell.
• Plasma membrane regulates what enters or leaves the cell.
• Cytoskeleton gives shape and structure to the cytoplasm.
• The nucleus is the control centre of the cells. The main function of the nucleus is to control the cell and take out the genes in the cell
• cytoplasm is the gel-like fluid where organelles are found
• mitochondria produces the energy a cell needs to carry out its functions
• lysosomes uses chemicals to break down food and worn out cell parts
• golgi bodies receives proteins and materials from the ER, packages them and distributes them
• chloroplast captures energy from the sunlight and uses it to produce food in animal cells (photosynthesis)
• endoplasmic reticulum carries proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another
• ribosomes assembles amino acids to create proteins
• the nucleus is the control centre of the cell, contains the DNA
• nucleolus is found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes
• chromatin are the tiny strands inside the nucleus that contains the instructions for directing the cel's functions
• Movement

  Reproduction

  Sensitivity

  Growth

  Respiration

  Excretes

  Equilibrium

  Nutrition
• cell theory states:

  • all organisms are made of cells
  • all existing cells are produced by other living cells
  • the cell is the most basic unit of life
• the plasma membrane controls what enters and exists the cell
• the plasma membrane is selectively permeable