LangProg Prelim Exam

• Multilingualism can also pose challenges, such as language maintenance and identity issues, linguistic discrimination, and difficulties in education and integration, particularly for minority language speakers
• Multilingualism can occur on both individual and societal levels
• Societal multilingualism may arise due to historical, cultural, or demographic reasons
• Attitudes to Multilingualism

  • Positive Attitudes
  • Neutral Attitudes
  • Negative Attitudes
• Multilingualism can have several benefits, including enhanced cognitive abilities, improved communication skills, greater cultural understanding and sensitivity, increased job opportunities, and broader access to information and resources
• Forms of Multilingualism

  • Individual Multilingualism
  • Community Multilingualism
  • Regional Multilingualism
  • Societal Multilingualism
  • Family Multilingualism
  • Educational Multilingualism
  • Professional Multilingualism
  • Online Multilingualism
• Attitudes towards multilingualism are shaped by a complex interplay of cultural, social, economic, and personal factors, and they can vary significantly from one context to another
• Attitudes towards multilingualism can lead to resistance against learning or using languages other than one's native tongue
• The Philippines recognizes two official languages: Filipino (based on Tagalog) and English
• Levels of Language Planning in the Philippines

  • National Level
  • Regional Level
  • Local Level
  • Educational Institutions
  • Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Civil Society
• The Philippine educational system employs a bilingual policy, using Filipino and English as mediums of instruction alongside the student's regional language
• Language planning and policy in the Philippines


  Refers to deliberate efforts and decisions made by government authorities and educational institutions to regulate and manage the use of languages within the country
• In societies where certain languages are associated with higher status or power, multilingualism may be stigmatized, and speakers of minority languages may face discrimination or marginalization
• The government implements a Language-in-education Education Policy to address language planning needs in education in the Philippines
• Filipino, based on Tagalog, is promoted as the national language and serves as a symbol of unity among the diverse linguistic communities in the country
• Key aspects of language planning and policy in the Philippines


  • Official Languages
  • Promotion of Filipino
  • English as a Second Language
  • Regional Languages
  • Bilingual Education
  • Language in Education Policy (LEP)
  • Language Preservation and Revitalization
• English is important in education, government, business, and media in the Philippines
• Learning multiple languages can be challenging and time-consuming, leading some people to develop negative attitudes towards multilingualism out of frustration or perceived lack of progress
• Efforts are made to preserve and revitalize endangered languages and indigenous languages in the Philippines through language documentation, education programs, and cultural initiatives
• Universities and Research Institutes in Language Planning


  Conducting studies, research, and analysis on language use, language attitudes, and language planning issues, contributing valuable insights and recommendations to policymakers and stakeholders
• Language planning in the Philippines

  Interact and intersect, shaping language policies and practices while accommodating linguistic diversity
• Department of Education (DepEd) in Language Planning

  Responsible for formulating and implementing language policies in the education sector, overseeing language instruction, curriculum development, teacher training, and language proficiency assessments
• Actors in Language Planning

  Collaborate, interact, and sometimes conflict, reflecting the complex dynamics of language policy and practice in the Philippines
• Bilingual education programs


  Implement the use of both Filipino and English as mediums of instruction, supplemented by the learner's regional language, particularly in regions where it is predominant
• Language Rights Organizations in Language Planning

  Advocating for language rights, linguistic diversity, and preserving indigenous languages through awareness-raising, advocacy campaigns, and policy dialogue
• Publishing Companies in Language Planning


  Producing educational materials, books, and multimedia resources in Filipino, English, and regional languages, contributing to language development and literacy
• Teacher training programs


  Enhance teachers' proficiency in Filipino, English, and regional languages through language pedagogy, instructional strategies, and cultural sensitivity
• Language Policy and Planning Decisions under Education Agencies in the Philippines

  Crucial for addressing the linguistic diversity of the country and ensuring equitable access to education for all learners
• Efforts in supporting indigenous and minority languages

  Include these languages in the curriculum, teacher training programs, and educational materials to preserve and promote linguistic diversity
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in Language Planning

  Providing support and guidance to countries, including the Philippines, in language planning, language education, and cultural preservation
• Efforts in curriculum development

  Integrate language skills into subject areas to ensure proficiency in Filipino, English, and regional languages while mastering other academic content
• National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) in Language Planning

  Promoting the preservation and revitalization of indigenous languages and cultural heritage through various programs and initiatives
• Actors in Language Planning in the Philippines

  • Government Agencies
  • Legislature
  • Academic Institutions
  • Language Advocacy Groups
  • Media and Publishing Industry
  • International Organizations and Donors
• Government Agencies in Language Planning

  Tasked with promoting and developing Filipino, formulating policies, conducting research, and developing educational materials related to the Filipino language
• Development Agencies in Language Planning

  Providing funding, technical assistance, and expertise to support language planning initiatives in the Philippines
• Media Outlets in Language Planning

  Shaping language use and attitudes by disseminating information and entertainment in various languages
• Congress of the Philippines in Language Planning

  Enacting laws related to language policy, such as the Philippine Bilingual Education Policy and other relevant statutes
• Language proficiency assessments

  Evaluate students' language skills and determine their level of proficiency in Filipino, English, and regional languages
• Key decisions and initiatives made by education agencies in language policy and planning

  • Medium of Instruction
  • Curriculum Development
  • Language Proficiency Assessments
  • Teacher Training and Development
  • Language Policies for Indigenous and Minority Languages
  • Language-in-Education Policy (LEP)
• Language-in-Education Policy (LEP)

  Guides language planning decisions