LESSON2

• SOCIAL CHANGE refers to the alteration of mechanisms within the social structure, characterized by changes in

  - cultural symbols

  - rules of behavior

  - social organizations or value systems.

  ● A way of human interactions and relationships which transform cultural and social institutions over time, having a profound impact of society.
• CAUSES OF SOCIAL CHANGE

  • Innovation the social creation and institutionalization of new ideas.
  • Diffusion the spread of innovations from one social setting to another.
  • Discoverieswhen people reorganized existing elements of the world they had not noticed before or learned to see in a new way.
• CULTURE CHANGE

  ●The transformation of culture or the way people live.

  ●Happens when something opens up new ways of living and when new ideas enter a culture e.g globalization’

  ●The changes in the tangible or material aspects of culture and intangible or non- material aspects of people’s lives.
• CAUSES OF CULTURE CHANGE

  • Physical environment- the particular natural surroundings in which you live.
  • Population movement- movement of people from one place to another.
  • War and conquest- the act of conquering a country or group of people.
• POLITICAL CHANGE

  • the change in the governmental and political system of a state through transition of leadership, clash of ideologies, etc.

  CAUSES OF POLITICAL CHANGE

  Change in the direction of open, participatory, and accountable politics.

  ● Youth awareness and active participation during elections.

  ● Popular movements

  ● Political revolution- results in the replacement or Protests

  ●Transformation of government, without altering other aspects of society and maintaining the relationship between socioeconomic classes.
• Cultural diffusion


  • Spread of culture including aspects such as clothing and food, from one group to another
  • Typically as a result of making contact with a new group for the first time
• Assimilation


  • People of a culture learn to adapt to the ways of the majority
  • Loss of the minority’s own culture as more value is given to the cultural aspects of the majority
• Innovation


  • The use of new techniques to achieve desired ends
  • Changing or creating more effective processes and ideas
• Culture begins to adopt elements of another culture

  Cultural diffusion happens
• Acculturation


  Minority adopts the cultural aspects of the majority without losing its own traditions and customs
• Translation


  The process of translating a new idea into something that can create value