Organisation of organisms

• Bacterial cells are microscopic single-celled organisms
• Bacterial cells lack membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts
• Nucleus in cells

  Contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities
• Ribosomes in cells

  Site of protein synthesis
• Structures found in a bacterial cell

  • Cytoplasm
  • Ribosome
  • Cell wall
  • Cell membrane
  • Circular DNA
  • Flagellum
  • Plasmids
• Cell wall in bacterial cells

  Made of peptidoglycan
• Bacterial cells sometimes possess plasmids which contain extra genes
• Mitochondria in cells

  Site of aerobic respiration, releases energy to fuel cellular processes
• Cell membrane in cells

  Holds the cell together, controls substances entering and leaving the cell
• Bacterial cells lack a nucleus
• Cell wall in plant cells

  Made of cellulose, gives extra support and defines the cell's shape
• Chloroplasts in plant cells

  Contain green chlorophyll pigments for photosynthesis
• Vacuole in plant cells

  Used for storage of materials, contains cell sap
• Cytoplasm in cells

  Gel-like substance supporting internal cell structures, site of many chemical reactions
• Circular DNA in bacterial cells

  Rings of DNA that float in the cytoplasm
• Cell membranes in bacterial cells only allow certain materials to enter and exit
• Cell membrane


  Partially permeable membrane that allows only certain materials to enter and exit
• Structures found in both animal and plant cells

  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell membrane
  • Ribosomes