Active transport

• What is active transport in cells?

  Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient
• How does active transport differ from diffusion?

  Active transport requires energy, diffusion does not
• What analogy is used to describe diffusion?

  Water flowing downhill
• What is the energy source for active transport?

  Energy from cellular respiration
• Where does cellular respiration mainly occur?

  In the mitochondria
• What are ATP molecules compared to?

  Little batteries for energy transport
• What is the definition of active transport?

  Movement of molecules from lower to higher concentration
• Why do plants need to absorb water and mineral ions?

  To survive and grow
• What are root hair cells adapted for?

  Absorbing water and mineral ions
• How do root hair cells increase their absorption efficiency?

  By having long hair-like protrusions
• Why can't plants absorb minerals by diffusion?

  Minerals are at higher concentration inside cells
• What is the role of mitochondria in root hair cells?

  To provide energy for active transport
• What adaptations do root hair cells have for their function?

  • Long hair-like protrusions for large surface area
  • Numerous mitochondria for energy supply
• What do root hair cells absorb from the soil?

  Water and mineral ions
• What minerals do plants need for chlorophyll production?

  Magnesium ions
• What minerals do plants need for protein production?

  Nitrate ions
• What is the process that provides energy for active transport?

  Cellular respiration
• How does the energy for active transport relate to cellular respiration?

  Energy from respiration is stored in ATP
• What is the overall process of active transport in root hair cells?

  1. Root hair cells absorb water and minerals.
  2. Minerals are at higher concentration inside cells.
  3. Active transport moves minerals against the gradient.
  4. Energy from cellular respiration powers this process.
• What type of transport uses carrier proteins in the cell membrane?

  Active transport
• How do carrier proteins function in active transport?

  They bind to specific molecules and change shape
• What energy source is required for active transport?

  ATP
• What is the direction of molecule movement in active transport?

  From low concentration to high concentration
• What is the process of active transport?

  • Uses carrier proteins in the cell membrane
  • Proteins bind to specific molecules and change shape
  • Requires energy in the form of ATP
  • Moves molecules against their concentration gradient