TVET 1-20

• Schools are national and regional symbols serving as a repository of the people’s history and culture. In a nutshell, a school is a dynamic social organization that develops every learner for various social roles. It is influenced by a system anchored on a philosophy, mission, vision, and vision. 
• • School as an organization it has its own system of governance influenced by a fixed organizational structure or bureaucracy. 
• • In basic education, the Department of Education determines the bureaucratic structure of schools from national, regional, division, district, and the local school level. 
• At the national level, the DepEd Secretary acts as the head of the whole bureaucracy supported by the Undersecretaries and Assistant Secretaries.
• • The Central Office is composed of 4 Bureaus namely:

  1. Bureau of Curriculum Development 
  2. Bureau of Learning Delivery 
  3. Bureau of Learning Resources 
  4. Bureau of Educational Assessment
• School as a learning organization - its main function is to help learners to learn and develop knowledge, skills, and values essential for every individual. 

  • Its main function is to implement the curriculum prescribed by the DepEd. 
  • Guided by the different principles and theories of teaching and learning, the school carries this function by helping to mold the minds and character of students. 
• School as a community - it is composed of teachers, administrators, students, staff, and other stakeholders united in one purpose and guided by common values and culture.
• As a community, the school is guided by the ff: 

  • Vision a sense of direction of what the school hopes to accomplish for itself, for the people, and for the society
• As a community, the school is guided by the ff: 

  • Values provides a framework for organizational culture and behavior of the entire school
• As a community, the school is guided by the ff: 

  - Leadership provides administrative and management support for the day-to-day activities and functions of the school
• As a community, the school is guided by the ff:  - Culture pertains to shared values and behaviors of students, the teachers, staff, and administration
• As a community, the school is guided by the ff:  Vision, Values, Leadership, and Culture
• • Structure - As social systems, schools’ structures have characteristics of rational, natural, and open systems. They have hierarchies of authority, goals and role expectations similar to bureaucratic organizations. 
• A school is structured in a seamless bureaucracy that includes positions and offices based on the type of programs and services offered by the school. The size or the population of the school  also determines the structure of the school.
• • Culture and Climate - School culture is preserved and transferred to new members by the socialization process. 
• • The school culture is influenced by the philosophy and core values of the school. It is also shaped by the culture of every individual member of the school. 
• • Private schools especially sectarian schools are famous for their ability to sustain their institutional norms and culture especially among students
• • Norms are influential in shaping students’ character and values system. Often times, the norms or school culture create a sense of place among students
• • The institutional culture is the thread that binds all teachers, students, staff, and alumni. It is their identity as a school. 
• • Climate represents an organization’s distinguishing characteristics, feelings, and behavior that can be presented with a framework which consists of four elements:
• Climate 1. Physical frame - physical factors of a school (equipment, classrooms)

  1. Social frame - the social factor
  2. Environment - mostly related to social behavior of individuals within a school
  3. Structural frame - factors such as hierarchy, authority, role
  4. Symbolic frame - the parts of culture (beliefs, norms, values)
• • Leadership and Decision- making - in the social systems of schools, an important aspect of leadership is the quality and systematic effects of functions and behaviors of principals as leaders. 
• The Governance of Basic Education Act - provided a way to enhance the system of leadership and decision-making  process. 
• • Principals - local executives in their schools.
  • Helps to develop the vision and plans for improving the school and for helping students improve their scholastic performance. 
• • Schools are mandated to to submit their annual school improvement plan or SIP serves as the basis for their budget and for evaluating their performance
• • Relationships stemmed from interaction among people among people within and outside of the organization. Relationships within school building and within the community are essential elements of socialization and have a significant impact on many vital processes
• • Social changes - broad term, every society develops and evolves in a unique way as influenced by various social factors and events. Change is always happening in every aspect of society and it is inevitable.
• • Physical features of the society are always changing as a result of economic development
  • Human relationships and interactions and cultures have changed as a result of various social forces and events
• Sociologist define social change as changes in the human interactions and relationships that transform cultural and social transformation. 
• 6 megatrends that continues to shape and influence our society:

  1. digitalization and technological advances
  2. demographic and behavioral changes
  3. global talent and skills race
  4. business operating model pressures
  5. regulatory changes and complexity
  6. changes in investment, capital sources and returns
• 6 megatrends that shape and influences our society:

  digitalization and technological advances- tech advancement is impacting the finance industry
• 6 megatrends that shape and influences our society:

  demographic and behavioral changes - changing demographics of customers are forcing financial institutions to deal with divergent customer expectations
• 6 megatrends that shape and influences our society:

  global talent and skills race - talent capable... will be required to respond to increasing regulatory pressures, a changing approach to risk management
• 6 megatrends that shape and influences our society:

  business operating models - regulation and increasing cost of capital
• 6 megatrends that shape and influences our society:

  regulatory changes and complexity - pressures from financial crisis increased the capital
• 6 megatrends that shape and influences our society:

  changes in investment, capital sources, and returns - non-bank financial institutions
• Fourth Industrial Revolution - builds on the Digital Revolution with cyber-physical systems
• Fourth Industrial Revolution brought social transformations:

  1. globalization
  2. mobility
  3. new behaviors
  4. millennial workforce
  5. technological advancement
• three literation sa 4th revolution :

  1. Data literation - ability to read, to analyze, and to use info in the digi world
  2. technology literation - ability to understand mechanical work, and use application of technology (AI, coding)
  3. human literation - humanities, communication, and design, calls for development of leadership skills
• Change forces:

  1. bureaucratic forces - rules, mandates
  2. personal forces - personalities, leadership styles
  3. market forces - competition, incentives
  4. professional forces - standards of expertise, codes of conducts
  5. cultural forces - shared values, goals
  6. democratic forces - social contacts, shared commitments