Practical Research

• A research is considered empirical if the data are drawn from the keen observation and real-life experiences
• Plagiarism is not acceptable in a research. An example of this is citing and copying other’s works without their consent
• Data analysis has the objective to answer Research questions and hypotheses
• Speaker: 'The quality of the friends you have matter more than the quantity'
• A research becomes rigorous if the study conducted is relevant, appropriate and justified to its research
• To secure an informed consent is very important in a research. An informed consent serves as a written consent given to the respondents which signifies their willingness to voluntarily participate in the research study
• Review of the literature and related studies

  Collect and summarize the prior studies that are related and important to the present research study
• Two main types of research

  • Quantitative
  • Qualitative
• Qualitative research


  Comes from the word quantity, words amount, numbers, and statistics. Quantity usually answers the questions: How much? How many?
• Three major differences in qualitative and quantitative research: Qualitative aims to explore and understand an individual or a group ascribed to a social
• A research should be critical. This means that it should be free from questions and can withstand with attack and scrutiny
• Statement of the problem

  Seeks to formulate research questions and hypotheses
• Quantitative research

  Comes from the word quality, attributes, characteristics, and descriptions. Quality is determined by answering the question: What kind?
• Instrumentation as research process

  Select the tools for the collection and measurement of data
• Qualitative and quantitative research


  • Personal and impersonal role of the research
  • The knowledge discovered and constructed
  • The explanation of the purpose of the inquiry
• A research is systematic if it has a logical sequence of arranging the procedures in a research
• The number of sticks of isaw and 'adidas' sold in a day is unknown
• The main differences between qualitative and quantitative research are the purpose of the research and the types of data needed: qualitative focuses on in-depth description with words and/or pictures as data, whereas quantitative focuses on description of relationships and/or making comparisons with numbers or statistics as data
• Filipinos started consuming fried and barbequed isaw
• Qualitative Research


  • Aims to explore and understand an individual or a group ascribed to a social problem in multiple perspectives
  • Research process involves asking broad and general questions and getting a holistic view of the situation
  • People's experiences and perspectives are taken into account through observation, in-depth interviews, or focus group discussion
  • The usual data collected are words and pictures, which are formed into themes and narratives
  • Used when little is known about the topic and it needs to be understood better
• Quantitative research aims to describe, find relationships, and/or make comparisons about problems using numerical data
• The increase in Mang Danny's income from having meryenda bundles like those in fast food is unknown
• Examples of Research in Areas of Interest

  • Arts
  • Agriculture and Fisheries
  • Business
  • Sports
  • Humanities
  • Science
  • Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
  • Social Inquiry
• Qualitative research focuses on in-depth description or explanation of problems using words or pictures