Intellectual Revolutions

• Intellectual Revolution


  The period where paradigm shifts occurred. It is where the scientific beliefs that have been widely embraced and accepted by the people are challenged and opposed.
• Copernican Revolution


  Ptolemy introduced the geocentric model which described the absolute perception of the universe with the Earth as its center which was thought to be true by most of the people at that time
• Heliocentric Theory


  Counter belief of geocentric theory
• Copernican Revolution


  It served as a catalyst to sway scientific thinking away from the age-long views about the position of earth relative to an enlightened understanding of the universe. This marked the beginning of modern astronomy and cosmology.
• Charles Darwin 


  Known for his evolution by natural selection
• Theory of Evolution


  Describes how organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioral traits.
• Natural Selection


  often described as survival of the fittest, where fitness refers to the ability to survive and reproduce.
• Factors of Natural Selection

  Variation, Overproduction, Survival of the Fittest, Heritability
• Variation


  Those organisms with heritable traits better suited to the environment will reach maturity and survive.
• Overproduction


  More organisms are produced that can actually survive.
• Survival of the Fittest


  "It is the not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change"
• Heritability


  Changes in the organisms brought by the environment will be inherited by their offspring.
• Freudian Revolution


  May be viewed as the discovery of a way of locating in the mind objective entities which can be studied like physical things,
• Internal Conflict


  The conflict between basic desires (id), morality and being a good person (the superego) and consciousness (ego)
• ID


  Unconscious level only, instinct to survive (eros), instinct to destroy (thanatos)
• Ego


  Develops in infancy, keeps check on Id
• Superego


  Where morality resides, encourages social responsibility
• Freud suggests that humans are inherently pleasure-seeking individuals
• Information Revolution


  Alan Turing's machine introduced the idea that thinking and being conscious could be attributed to nonhuman entities.