ImmunoHematology Module 1

• Incubator/Water Bath


  Used for setting the reaction temperature to 37 degrees Celcius
• Incubator/Water Bath


  also used to inactivate complement proteins at 56 degrees Celsius
• Serofuge


  type of centrifuge used to separate liquids from solid components from the blood
• viewing box

  used in rh typing to visualize antigen-antibody reactions
• Viewing box


  Has a surface temperature of 37 degrees celsius
• Microscope


  Demonstrate microscopic reactions such as small agglutinates
• Test tubes


  used for macroscopic antigen-antibody reactions
• Glass slides


  for macro and microscopic reactions
• Magnifying glass


  Used to demonstrate minute reaction in absence of microscope
• Graduated cylinder


  Used to measure large volume of fluid
• Pipet/Droppers


  used to transfer small volume of liquids/fluids
• Calibrated centrifuge tube


  type of tube with calibration marks used to measure the portions of blood after centrifugation
• Applicator stick


  used to mix the sample and reagents
• typing sera


  used to detect unknown antigens on patient red cell
• typing sera


  It is used in Forward or direct blood typing
• typing sera


  It contains known antibodies, therefore it detects antigen (unknown) on patient red cell
• typing sera


  the specimen of choice is the patient red cell suspension
• Examples of typing sera

  Anti- A typing serum, Anti-B typing serum and Anti-AB typing serum
• Anti-A serum


  Detects A antigen
• anti-b serum


  detects B antigen
• Anti-AB typing serum


  detects AB antigen, also useful for ABO subgroups
• Known Red Cell Suspension


  Used to detect unknown antibodies in the patient's serum
• Known red Cell suspension


  Used in indirect/reverse blood typing
• Example of known Red Cell Suspension are:


  Known A RBCs, Known B RBCs, Known O
• Known A RBCs


  used to detect Anti-A antibodies
• Known B RBCs


  used to detect Anti-B antibodies
• Known O


  used to detect Anti A, Anti B, and Anti-AB antibodies
• AHG Reagent (Antihuman globulin reagent)


  It is used to detect cell bound incomplete IgG antibody sensitization
• Lectins


  these are antibody-like agents derived from plant extracts that reacts with a particular antigens
• Anti H Lectin


  Ulex europeus
• Anti A Lectin

  Dolichos biflorus
• Anti M Lectin

  Iberis amara
• Anti N Lectin


  vicea graminea
• 22% Bovine Albumin/ Low ionic strength solution


  known as Potentiators
• Potentiators


  promotes decrease in zeta potential and incubation time which promotes test sensitivity