biochemical reactions

• what are the four type of biochemical reactions

  Neutralization

  Oxidation-Reduction

  Condensation

  Hydrolysis
• Arrhenius:

  Acids and bases behave differently when dissolved

  in water (Arrhenius definition):

  Acids produce or release H+ ions

  Bases produce OH- ions
• ph values

  • Acid - high [H+], low [OH-] = <7
  • Neutral - same [H+] as [OH-] = 7

  Base: - low [H+], high [OH-] = >7
• When acids react with bases, a neutralization reaction occurs
• What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid?

  Base?

  • Bronsted-Lowry:
  • Acid = proton (hydrogen ion, H+) donor
  • Base = proton acceptor
• Briefly explain how a buffer works.

  • Buffers are needed to maintain pH levels in organisms
  • They accept excess H+ when conditions are too acidic
  • Release H+ when too basic
  • Are at equilibrium (reaction occurs both forwards and backwards)
• What does a biological oxidation

  involve?

  Oxidation:

  • Loss of Hydrogen atoms
• what does reduction involve?

  Reduction:

  • Gain of Hydrogen atoms
• example of buffer system

  human blood buffer
• What type of reaction is associated

  with digestion?

  decomposition and exothermic reaction
• • When there is oxidation, there is also reduction
  • The substance which loses electrons is oxidized

  The substance which gains electrons is reduced
• A chemical reaction used by cells to build polymers
• Monomers are connected by covalent bonds by the removal of a water molecule
• • One monomer provides a hydroxyl group and the other provides a hydrogen and together these form water
  • This process requires energy and is aided by enzymes