Microbes and disease

• What is a microbe?

  A microbe is an organism that you need a microscope to see.
• What are the three main types of microbe?

  Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi.
• What is yeast used in?

  Baking bread and brewing alchohol.
• Aerobic respiration:

  glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
• The carbon dioxide gas causes the dough to rise as the bread cooks.
• Anaerobic respiration:

  glucose -> carbon dioxide + ethanol
• A disease causing microbe is called a pathogen.
• Give an example of a bacteria caused disease.

  Food poisoning, Syphilis.
• Give an example of a virus caused disease.

  Influenza, Covid-19, Measles, HIV, AIDS.
• Give an example of a fungi caused disease.

  Athlete's foot.
• How would you prevent disease spreading through air?

  Coughing and sneezing into a tissue and binning it carefully.
• How would you prevent disease spreading though food?

  Washing hands before preparation; cooking food properly.
• How would you prevent disease spreading though water?

  Adding chlorine to kill bacteria.
• How would you prevent disease spreading through sex?

  Using a condom.
• The skin acts as a barrier.
• The stomach produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria.
• Platelets seal wounds by clotting.
• Tears contain an enzyme which kill bacteria.
• The windpipe produce mucus to trap microbes; and then the cillia move in up into the back of the throat.
• White blood cells produce antibodies and engulf pathogens.
• Antibodies stick to the pathogen. Each antibody can only work on a specific pathogen.
• Vaccines contain a weakened or dead form of a virus. It causes the body to produce antibodies. Therefore your body has the antibodies incase you get the real disease in the future.
• Vaccines work on..

  Viruses.
• What does the MMR vaccine stand for?

  Measles, Mumps, Rubella.
• Antibiotics kill..

  Bacteria.
• This is the first antibiotic ever discovered?

  Penicillin.
• What drugs reduce the symptoms of a disease?

  Painkillers and anti-inflammatories.