RPH

• Rajahnate of Cebu was founded by a minor prince of the Tamil Chola dynasty, Sri Rumay or Rajamuda Rumayya
• During Raja Humabon's reign


  Lapu-Lapu arrived from Borneo and was given the Mandawili region, which included the island known as Opong or Opon (later known as Mactan)
• Rajahnate of Cebu


  An indianized raja (monarchy) mandala (government) on the island of Cebu in the Philippines before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors
• Goods exchanged in trading center

  • Perfumes, glassware, ivory products, leather, precious and semi-precious stones, sugar
• Confederation of Madja-as

  Established by 10 leaders called Datus, connected with the court of Indianized native kingdoms of Brunei and Srivijaya
• Kingdom of Butuan


  Believed to have existed before the Philippines, with a favourite saying among the Butuanons that in the beginning, there was no Philippines, but there was Butuan
• Datus, together with their wives and children, were secretly escorted out of the country by Datu Puti
• During the reign of Raja Humabon, the area became an important trading center where agricultural products were bartered
• Historian Antonio Pigafetta: 'Kota Raya Kita: "Our capital": Kota (fortress), Raya (great, hence Kotalaya (capital)), North (our)"'
• Rajahnate of Cebu was known in ancient Chinese records as the country of Zhumu (洛乐)
• The port of Sugubu became colloquially known as Sinibuayan Hinpit ("place of trade"), shortened to Sibu or Sibo, and is now the origin of the Castilian name "Cebu"
• The seafaring vessel used by the Datus is called Balangay, from which Barangay, the smallest social unit in the present-day Philippines, came from
• Datus were considered co-equal Paramount Rulers of a Kedatuan before the Hindu invasion
• Indication of the existence of the Kingdom of Butuan: a rhinoceros ivory seal with a design carved in ancient Javanese or early Kawi script
• Shariff Mohammed Kabungsuwan introduced Islam in the area, establishing himself as Sultan seated in Malabang-Lanao
• Butuan was a flourishing and highly-civilized community between the 5th to the 14th century AD, serving as an international trading center with developed political structure and cosmopolitan tastes
• Origin of the name Butuan: possibly derived from 'But-wan' or 'batuan', a mangosteen-like fruit tree thriving in Mindanao
• Sultanate of Sulu was founded either on 17 November 1405 or 1457
• Sultanate of Maguindanao defended its territory during the Spanish colonial period, preventing Spaniards from colonizing the entire Mindanao and ceding the island of Palawan to the Spanish government in 1705
• Maguindanao Sultanate had a close alliance with the Ternate Sultanate in the Moluccas region of Indonesia
• Favorite saying among the Butuanons: "... in the Beginning, there was no Philippines, but there was Butuan."
• Butuan has been around for a very long time in the northeast part of Mindanao
• Sultanate of Sulu ruled the Sulu Archipelago, coastal areas of Zamboanga City, certain portions of Palawan, parts of present-day Sabah, North and East Kalimantan in north-eastern Borneo
• Butuan is believed to have existed before the Spanish conquistadores arrival in the Philippines
• Sultanate of Maguindanao was preceded by a polity known as Wenduling, invaded by Hindu Brunei before Islamization took place in the 16th century
• The Tondo Polity is categorized as a "Bayan" (a "city-state", "country" or "polity")
• The Sultanate of Sulu was founded


  Either on 17 November 1405 or 1457
• In the 15th century, the Bruneian Empire conquered Ma-i to establish a foothold within the archipelago and as a gateway to the Tondo
• In 1578, after regaining its independence after the Bruneian–Spanish War, the Ma royalty re-adopted Chinese culture, adopted the Ma surname, and proclaimed the Ma dynasty
• The Kingdom of Maynila was created as a result of political intrigue and economic maneuvering instigated by a sultan of Brunei named Bolkiah
• In the middle to late 16th century, Tondo's Lakan was held in high regard within the alliance group formed by various Manila Bay area polities
• The Tagalog people of Tondo had a rich Austronesian culture, influenced by trading relations with Ming dynasty, Malaysia, Brunei, and the Majapahit empire
• The Sultanate of Sulu is referred to as Solot, one of the countries in the Tanjungnagara archipelago (Kalimantan-Philippines), which is under the influence of the mandala area of the Majapahit kingdom in the archipelago
• The establishment of a new city called Seludong located in the river Pasig across from Tondo's capital was agreed upon as part of a royal marriage arrangement between Brunei and Tondo
• Politically, Tondo was made up of several social groupings led by Datus, with the most senior among them recognized as a "Paramount datu" called a Lakan over the Bayan
• The Sultanate of Sulu was located in certain portions of Palawan in the Philippines, alongside parts of present-day Sabah, North and East Kalimantan in northeastern Borneo
• Under pressure from the Bruneians, much of the elite and royalty of Ma-i reluctantly submitted to Islam, while the vast majority remained followers of the Buddhist faith
• The Ma dynasty implemented laws that specifically promoted Chinese culture while downplaying Islam, causing a divide over the Ma Imperial court
• The Kingdom of Caboloan, also known as the Wangdom of Pangasinan, was a powerful ancient kingdom located in the fertile Agno River valley in the northern Philippines
• The names ‘Seludong’, ‘Saludong’ or ‘Selurong’ are all interchangeably used to denote an area where the Kingdom of May-nila was later established prior to the arrival of Spanish colonizers in the Philippines in the 16th century