Chapter 9 U.S. History & Geography

• Rachael Corson's book Silent Spring led to the banning of pesticides like DDT that killed birds and fish
• Malcolm X (1925-1965) - The principal spokesman of the Nation of Islam during the 1950s to early 1960s
• Ralph Nader


  • Consumer advocate who forced large corporations to make safer products
  • His work led to laws requiring companies to test products for safety
  • Introduction of safety features like seat belts in cars
• All of LBJ's efforts will be overshadowed by the Vietnam war
• John F. Kennedy and his wife Jacqueline represented the optimism of a new generation of Americans
• Robert F. Kennedy was killed by Sirhan Sirhan in California on June 5, 1968, while leading the Democratic Primary for President
• Malcolm X was assassinated by members of the Nation of Islam
• Alan Shepard was the first American in space
• Affirmative Action has been controversial because it replaces inequality with another
• Malcolm X rejected non-violent resistance and advocated militant separation of the races
• Ralph Nader: 'wrote "unsafe at any speed"'
• John Glenn was the first man to orbit the earth
• The Warren Court hands down many different rulings expanding the rights of people accused of crimes
• Betty Freidan, the Feminine Mystique
• Gideon Vs. Wainwright guaranteed the right to an attorney
• Lyndon Baines Johnson (LBJ) becomes president in 1963 when JFK is assassinated in Dallas, Texas
• Medicaid provides basic health care to the poor and disabled Americans
• JFK challenged young Americans to be dedicated to service with the founding of the Peace Corps
• Ernesto Miranda (1941-1976) v. Arizona, 1966
• Lyndon Baines Johnson (1908-1973) - The war on poverty. The Great Society, Fair housing Act, Affirmative Action. The Vietnam War overwhelms all of his other policies
• Clarence Earl Gideon (1910-1972) Gideon v. Wainwright, 1963
• Russia's Yuri Gagarin became the first man in space and convinced JFK to amp up our space program
• Rachael Corson (1907-1964): 'What if we had a "silent spring"?'
• Ralph Nader's book "unsafe at any Speed" led to laws holding Companies liable for selling unsafe products to consumers and led to safety features on Automobiles like seat belts and crumple zones
• Miranda Vs. Arizona guaranteed the right to remain silent
• Medicare provides basic health care coverage for senior citizens
• Huey Newton and the original Black Panthers
• Robert F. Kennedy (1925-1968)
• Malcolm X was born Malcom Little, converted to Nation of Islam while in prison and became their spokesman
• Telstar was the first telecommunications satellite
• After going to Mecca on his Hajj, Malcom X rejected the Nation of Islam's teachings
• Malcom X advocated violent resistance as the spokesman for the Nation of Islam
• Huey Newton founded the original Black Panthers in Oakland to protect black neighborhoods from all threats
• Malcom X rejected non-violence resistance and advocated militant separation of the races
• Lorraine Motel in Memphis, TN, MLK was in town to support striking sanitation workers

  April 4, 1968
• Stokely Carmichael, leader of Berkley SNCC, rejected non-violent protest, democracy, and America
• Medgar Evers, a Civil Rights leader from Mississippi, was assassinated by the Klansman, Byron De la Beckwarth
• Some in the Civil Rights Movement grew tired of waiting for MLK's non-violent protest to work and became more militant
• Many of the most violent conflicts of the era took place in Birmingham, Alabama, due to the presence of Bull Connor's racist policies
• Frannie Lou Hamer (1917-1977) demanded Black delegates be seated at the 1964 Democratic Convention