other key electoral systems

• Additional Member System- •The Additional Member System (AMS) is the only system in the UK that gives voters 2 independent votes to cast – one for the voter’s local representative and one for their regional representatives.
• AMS- used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, Welsh Senedd and London Assembly.
• AMS-In the constituency vote, voters are electing a person, whereas in the regional vote they are casting their vote for a party
• Single Transferrable Vote (STV)- Used for elections to the Northern Irish Assembly, the single transferable vote (STV) is the only system in the UK that allows for ordinal voting.
• ordinal voting STV- This allows a voter to rank candidates in order of preference, beginning with 1 and going through as many of the candidates as they wish to rank.
• Supplementary Vote- Voters vote for their first choice candidate and second choice candidate.
• SV- •All of the first-choice ballots are counted. If anyone has a simple majority, they win the election and second preferences are ignored.
• sv- If no one has a majority, all but the top two candidates are eliminated in one go. The second preferences for all of the eliminated candidates are taken into account
• SV-Around 225,000 voters in 2021 cast both of their first and second preferences for the same person meaning their votes were not counted
• FOR other electoral systems have been effective - election results have been more proportional, more parties have been elected, and voter turnout has increased and voters have been more engaged
• Against other electoral systems have not been effective- extremist parties have gained seats British national party won 2 seats in 2009 European parliament election, some voters are confused on how to use the systems
• why has FPTP been used west minister- easy to use, FPTP helps to favour the 2 main political parties
• Why AMS has been used Scotland, Wales and greater London- chosen as a compromise that would result in a representative parliament, helped to benefit other parties by providing equality
• Why STV has been used Northern Ireland- chosen because it is fairer than FPTP, allows smaller parties to gain representation
• SV was chosen to elect mayors- easy to use and understand, no need for a second vote
• • AMS advantages- electors have a wider choice than FPTP as they can vote for split ticket,Fairer to all parties / proportional: The overall result is fairer to all parties or more proportional. For example, the 2016 Scottish Parliament elections saw a maximum difference of 5%,More views represented: It is possible that a greater number of parties will be represented in the government as a coalition is more likely.
• • disadvantages of AMS-Complex: Elections are more complicated with two votes and in deciding which candidates are elected from the regional list. Coalitions more likely: Coalition or a minority government becomes more likely. This can slow down political decision-making. It can also give more power to smaller parties if the larger party in government depends on their support.
• advantages of STV- Ensuring minority representation: Since no vote goes to waste in the STV system, minority groups have a better chance of being represented. Promoting variety: With STV, multiple candidates can represent the same political party, encouraging diversity in representation and candidate choice.
• disadvantages of STV- Complexity: The process of counting and re-allotting votes in STV can become complex and time-consuming, especially for larger elections Partial representation: Although the STV system promotes diversity, it can sometimes lead to a lack of clear mandate for a single party, resulting in coalition or minority governments.
• advantages of SV- SV ensures that fewer votes are wasted compared to that of FPTP, The winner must secure 50% of the vote. A broader range of views and opinions influence the outcome of the election
• disadvantages of SV- The outcome may be determined by the preferences of those who support small, possibly extremist parties, Voters may have to guess which two candidates will get the majority of votes before they vote their second preference, if they guess wrong their vote will be wasted