IGCSE Chemistry- Organic Chemistry

• Molecular formula for methane

  CH4
• Molecular formula for ethane

  C2H6
• Molecular formula for propane

  C3H8
• Molecular formula for butane

  C4H10
• Molecular formula for pentane

  C5H12
• General formula for alkanes

  CnH2n+2
• Structural formula for methane

  CH4
• Structural formula for ethane

  CH3 CH3
• Structural formula for propane

  CH3 CH2 CH3
• Structural formula for butane

  CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3
• Structural formula for pentane

  CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
• Displayed formula for methane

  
• Displayed formula for ethane

  
• Displayed formula for propane

  
• Displayed formula for butane

  
• Displayed formula for pentane

  
• What type of bonds are there between alkanes?

  Covalent bonds
• During combustion of hydrocarbons what is produced?

  Energy (when there is lots of oxygen)
• What is the equation for incomplete combustion and complete combustion of hydrocarbons?

  
• If there is a limited supply of oxygen during combustion of hydrocarbons what is produced?

  Carbon monoxide or carbon
• How is carbon monoxide dangerous?

  It is poisonous and combines with the haemoglobin in the blood, preventing the blood form carrying oxygen around the body.
• What happens when bromine water is added to an alkene?

  Changes colour from brown to colourless. It starts with a double bond but the bromine water removes it making it have only a single bond.
• What happens when bromine water is added to an alkane?

  No colour change is seen.
• What happens if the reactants are put under a bright UV light?

  Orange-yellow colour goes to colourless.
• What is the substitution reaction?


  Reactants put under a bright light with bromine water.
• Displayed formula for ethene

  
• Displayed formula for propene

  
• Displayed formula for butene

  
• Displayed formula for pentene

  
• Molecular formula for ethene

  C2H4
• Molecular formula for propene

  C3H6
• Molecular formula for butene

  C4H8
• Molecular formula for pentene

  C5H10
• General formula for alkenes?

  CnH2n
• Structural formula for ethene

  CH2 CH2
• Structural formula for propene

  CH2 CH CH3
• Structural formula for butene

  CH2 CH CH2 CH3
• Structural formula for pentene

  CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH3
• Volital

  Turns into gas easily/evaporates easily
• Describe the trends in a fractionating column

  Low temperature= small molecules with low boiling points, volatility increases, flammability increases, number of carbon atoms decreases.

  High temperature= large molecules with high boiling points.