Criminology

• Adoption/Family

  Criminal records by biological parents – nature VS nurture
• Twins


  • Identical
  • Fraternal
• Twins

  • Identical - Monozygotic (100% same DNA)
  • Fraternal - Dizygotic (50% same DNA)
• Lombroso (1876) 

  The Father of Modern Criminology  
• Psychodynamic – Focus on urges and the role of the unconscious mind and how childhood experience can affect later life and criminality  
• Differential association theory 


  Friends and Family – internalizes crimes from our parents – it will become the new norm -  
• Operant conditioning –


  Positive reinforcement = reward - Money, feeling high off drugs, status  
• Negative reinforcement – taking away something unpleasant 
• Social Learning Theory (Bandura)  

  Vicarious reinforcement  - someone else getting rewarded for the crime  
• Boundary Maintenance 


   reaction of society to crime – a reminder to others that criminal behaviour is unacceptable and not tolerated.  
• Social Change 


  Sometimes crime is needed and necessary for change  
• Safety Valve 


  Protecting society and the family structure  
• Warning Light 


  Serval cases of crime and deviance in a localized area – or commonalities in crime – helps identify underlying issues in society.