Acids and Bases

• Ph scale is a measure of how acidic or alkaline a solution is
• The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with values below 7 being acidic and above 7 being basic.
• Acid - Any substance that forms an aquaeous solution with a PH less than 7.
• Base - A compound which reacts with water to form hydroxide ions (OH-).
• Indicators are substances used to test whether a solution is acidic or alkaline by changing colour depending on the pH value.
• Neutralisation reaction - The reaction between an acid and base to produce salt and water.
• Acid names

  Hydrochloric Acid - HCl

  Sulfuric - H2SO4

  Nitric - HNO3
• Bases - Any substance with a PH greater than 7.
• Alkalis are a subgroup of bases that are soluble in water
• Alkali - A base that dissolves in water to form a solution with a PH greater than water
• Acids contain hydrogen ions which make the solution acidic
• Alkalis form OH- ions in water - Hydroxide ions
• The pH scale is used to measure how acidic or alkaline something is, ranging from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very alkaline). Neutral solutions have a pH of 7.