4

• group 1 cations - are also called insoluble chlorides
• group 1 cations - are selectively precipitate as chlorides when diluted hydrochloric acid is added
• group 1 cations/insoluble chlorides

  ag+, pb2+, hg2 2+
• group 1 cations - are less reactive than their alkali metal neighbors
• ts1: 6m acetic acid + 1m potassium chromate - yellow precipitate
• ts2: sodium carbonate - white precipitate
• ts3: 6 hcl - white curdy precipitate
• ts4: ammonium hydroxide + formic acid - metallic silver precipitate
• ts5: ammonium hydroxide - gray to black precipitate
• group 2 cations - are also called insoluble sulfides in acidic medium
• group 2 cations - 0.1 to 0.3 m hydrochloric acid solution, group 2 cations react with h2s to form insoluble sulfides
• 2 subgroups of group 2 cations - copper and arsenic subgroup
• copper subgroup - hg2+, pb2+, cu2+, cd2+
• copper subgroup - since its not acidic, they are not soluble in koh solution
• arsenic subgroup - last three cations
• arsenic subgroup - as3+, sb3+, sn4+
• arsenic subgroup - forms arsenic sulfides that are soluble to koh solution
• ts1: stannous chloride solution - white/gray precipitate
• ts2: conc. ammonium hydroxide + silver nitrate + sodium acelate - immediate blackening
• ts3: conc. nitric acid + silver nitrate + sodium acetate - reddish brown precipitate
• ts4: tin + 1 peso coin - black precipitate in the coin
• ts5: sodium nitrate + conc. hcl - red color to lavender shade
• ts6: 3n hcl + mg ribbon + mercuric chloride - white or gray precipitate
• purpose of adding lead in cosmetics, toys, and products

  color additive in cosmetics

  softens plastic and makes toy more flexible

  used to stabilize molecules

  used in pottery, insecticides, hair dye, and as an anti-knocking additive
• chloral hydrate - knock out drug
• carbon monoxide - can cause death (suicide)
• gold - king of metal
• arsenic - king of poisons
• arsenic - marsh test by james marsh
• marsh test - a simple analytical method to detect arsenic
• arsenic - highly toxic in its organic form
• arsenic - contaminated water and irrigation of food poses the greatest threat to public health from arsenic
• long term exposure to arsenic can cause cancer and skin lesions
• effects of elevated mercury level in blood

  causes effects on nervous system

  disturbances in vision, hearing and speech, as well as tingling and numbness
• minamata disease - poisoning disease that nervous system, mainly central nervous system, is damaged by methylmercury
• m - morality
• M - molality
• mercury - established that the disease differs from inorganic mercury poisoning which damages kidneys etc
• mercury - not confirmed that it damages organs other than nervous system