Labor Law

• Labor Law

  The varied body of law applied to matters such as employment, remuneration, conditions of work, trade union, industrial relations, social security, and insurance
• Rules prescribed by the Labor Code of the Philippines

  1. Hiring and termination of private employees

  2. Conditions of work including maximum work hours and overtime

  3. Employee benefits such as holiday pay, 13th-month pay, and retirement pay

  4. Guidelines in the organization and membership in labor unions and collective bargaining
• Labor Code of the Philippines

  The law governing employment practices and labor relations in the Philippines, enacted on May 1, 1994, by President Ferdinand E Marcos
• General Principles Labor Law and Legislation Course

  • Introduces basic concepts related to Labor Law, particularly with labor standards and labor relations
  • Aims to familiarize students with the nature, source, functions, effects, and application of labor laws
  • Introduces concepts and underpinnings of labor standards, labor relations related to PD 442, otherwise known as the LABOR CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
• The Labor Code contains provisions beneficial to labor, including prohibiting termination from employment of private employees except for just or authorized causes, recognizing the right to trade union, authorizing strikes under strict requirements, and resolving doubts in favor of labor against management
• Labor

  The exertion of human effort to acquire an income, including physical and mental exertions, synonymous with human resource
• Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) manages the labor resource in the Philippines
• Labor supply is determined by the number of able people in the population and their willingness to work
• Labor demand is determined by the status of the economy and firms
• Characteristics of Labor

  • Perishable nature
  • Labor wasted is lost forever
  • Inseparability of labor and the individual
  • Labor supply does not change quickly
  • The most employable person does not like to move
• Reasons for preferring unemployment


  • They want to stay close with their families
  • Unfamiliar with the environment
  • Lack of required skills
  • Cost of moving to another place
• Many people still prefer to remain unemployed
• Labor Issues - Current and Future

  • Labor Migration
  • Gender Inequality
  • Terrorism
  • Enforcing Equal Pay Laws
  • Job Mismatch
• Nowadays many Filipinos, especially the millennials and Gen Z, would choose moving overseas to be employed rather than be relocated in other parts of the country
• ART. 19, HUMAN RELATIONS, Civil Code of the Philippines: '"Every person must, in the exercise in his rights and in the performance of his duties, act with justice, give everyone his due, and observe HONESTY and GOOD FAITH"'
• Current and Future Issues on Capital

  • Reskilling and Upskilling
  • Chinese Human Capital Is Huge and Cheap
  • More Multiskilled Workers Are Needed
  • The Need to Be Multiligual
  • The Right Education and Training (job mismatch
  • Human Resource Disruption
• Problems in Labor

  • UNEMPLOYMENT
  • INADEQUATE WAGES
  • INDUSTRIAL AND LABOR MANAGEMENT CONFLICT
  • ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTIES
• Current and Future Issues on Labor Demand

  • The Rise of Start-ups and Entrepreneurs
  • Booming Trend of the Business Process Outsourcing
  • Technological Advancements
  • Job Mismatch
  • Slow Economic Recovery of Developed Countries
  • The Emergence of Chinese Firms
  • The Corona Virus Pandemic
• Underemployment is a measure of employment and labor utilization in the economy that looks at how well the labor force is being utilized in terms of skills, experience, and availability to work
• Hours of Work


  All the time an employee renders actual work or is required to be on duty or at a prescribed workplace
• Wage determination in the Philippine set-up is managed by the National Wages and Productivity Commission
• Each region in the country has its own regional wage board
• Underemployment


  The underuse of a worker because the job does not use the worker's skill, is part-time, or leaves the worker idle
• Underemployment


  Refers to a situation in which individuals are forced to work in low paying or low skill jobs
• Wage increase can only take place a year after an increase is issued
• Work Day


  Refers to any day during which an employee is regularly required to work
• Weekly rest day: A day-off of 24 consecutive hours after six days of work should be scheduled by the employer upon consultation with the workers
• The normal hours of work in a day are 8 hours
• Wage


  An amount paid to an employee in exchange for a task, piece of work, or service rendered
• An employee must be paid wages for all hours worked
• An employer cannot make any deduction from an employee's wage except for insurance premiums with the consent of the employee
• Payments shall be paid in cash, legal tender at or near the place of work. Wages shall be given not less than once every two weeks or twice within a month at intervals not exceeding sixteen days
• Employment of Women: Night work prohibition unless allowed by the Rules
• Employment of Children: Minimum employable age is 15 years
• Employees are eligible for membership in an appropriate union on the first day of employment
• Declaration of Principles and State Policies 1987 Constitution of the Philippines
• Right to Self-Organization and Collective Bargaining: The right of every worker to form or join any legitimate worker's organization, association, or union of his or her choice
• Safe Working Conditions: Employers must provide workers with every kind of on-the-job protection against injury, sickness, or death through safe and healthful working conditions
• Labor Law and Legislation Course

  • Introduces basic concepts related to Labor Law, particularly with labor standards and labor relations
  • Familiarizes students with the nature, source, functions, effects, and application of labor laws
  • Introduces concepts and underpinnings of labor standards, labor relations related to PD 442, also known as the LABOR CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
• Labor Law


  The varied body of law applied to matters such as employment, remuneration, conditions of work, trade union, industrial relations, social security, and insurance