DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

• What are the four main layers of the digestive system?

  Mucosa

  Submucosa

  Muscularis

  Serosa
• What is the epithelium lining of the Mucosa?

  Loose connective tissue
• What thin layer of smooth muscle separates Mucosa from the Submucosa?

  Muscularis Mucosae
• What is the other name for Mucosa?

  Mucous Membrane
• What epithelium lining does the Submucosa have?

  dense connective tissue
• The Meissner Plexus is found on which digestive tract lining layer?

  Submucosa
• What is the other name for Muscularis?

  Muscularis Externa
• This fiber orientation of the sublayer of this Muscularis is generally circular

  Internal Sublayer
• This fiber orientation of the sublayer of this Muscularis is Longitudinal

  External Sublayer
• Myenteric (Aurebach) Nerve Plexus can be found in which of the four layers of the digestive tract?

  Muscularis
• Myenteric (Aurebach) nerve plexus and the submucosal layer of the Muscularis together comprises the?

  Enteric Nervous System
• What epithelium is in the Serosa?

  Loose connective tissue

  Mesothelium
• This is the outermost layer of the digestive tract located within the abdominal activity

  Serosa
• This is a large fold of adipose connective tissue covered on both sides by mesothelium, that suspends the intestines and is continuous with the peritoneum

  portions of the Mesentery
• This is the seous membrane lining the abdominal activity (Serosa)

  Peritoneum
• The esophagus does not have a serosa, what does it have instead?

  thick adventitia
• This digestive tract layer is for secretion, absorption, and protection

  Mucosa
• This digestive tract layer supports the mucosa & helps regualte secretions and local blood flow

  Submucosa
• This digestive tract layer is for peristaltic movements

  Muscularis
• This digestive tract layer is for anchoring and protecting the tract

  Serosa
• What is the epithelium type present in the Oral Cavity?

  Stratified Squamous Keratinized/NonKeratinized
• The function of this is to protect against mechanical stress from chewing food particles

  Oral Cavity
• This separates the Papillary and Tonsil Areas of the lingual surface of the tongue

  Sulcus Terminalis
• What are the four types of lingual papillae in the tongue?

  Filiform Papillae

  Fungiform Papillae

  Foliate Papillae

  Vallate
• This lingual papillae of the tongue is heavily keratinized which appears grayish or whitish. It provides a rough surface that facilitates movement of food during chewing

  Filiform Papillae
• This lingual papillae of the tongue is lightly keratinized, and interspersed among the filiform papillae. It is more on the tip of the tongue

  Fungiform Papillae
• This lingual papillae of the tongue consists of several parallel rediges on each side of the tongue, anterior to sulcus terminalis, but are rudimentary in humans, especially older individuals

  Foliate Papillae
• This lingual papillae of the tongue is the largest papillae. This provides a continous flow of fluid over the taste buds that are abundant on the sides of these papillae

  Vallate papillae
• What is the epithelium type of the Esophagus?

  Stratified Squamous Epithelium Nonkeratinized
• The submuscosa of the esophagus contains small musus-secreting glands called?

  esophageal glands
• This resist abrsion cause by food particles as the food are swallowed

  esophagus
• 
  

  Swallowing begins with voluntary muscle action but finishes with involuntary peristalsis
• This lubricates the esophagus, making it easier for food to pass down without damaging the lining

  Located in the submucosa

  Esophageal glands
• Muscularis muscles in different portions

  Upper third portion: Skeletal muscle

  Middle third portion: mixed skeletal and smooth muscle

  Lower third portion: smooth muscle
• This part of the esophagus anchors the esophagus to surrounding structures like the trachea and vertebrae

  Adventitia
• In stomach, adding an acidic fluid to the ingested food by mixing its contents into viscous mass is called

  chyme
• In stomach, the starting of the digestion of fats is secreted by

  lipase
• In stomach, the enzyme that promotes initial digestion of proteins is the

  Pepsin
• This is the part of the stomach where it is a narrow transitional zone between the esophagus and the stomach

  Cardia
• This is the part of the stomach where it is the funnel-shaped region that opens into the small intestine

  pylorus