Inorganic compounds

• Water has a high heat capacity (specific heat)
• Inorganic compounds

  • Water
  • Hydrogen bonds
• When water is heated, most of the energy is used in breaking the hydrogen bonds, leaving a small amount of energy to increase the movement of molecules and raise the temperature
• Water is a temperature regulator in biology, maintaining a constant internal temperature that tolerates only narrow changes
• Polar


  Shared electrons spend more time circulating the larger oxygen than the smaller hydrogen, resulting in a slight negative charge on oxygen and a slight positive charge on hydrogen
• Water

  • An inorganic molecule that doesn't have Carbon
  • Covalently bonded but is Polar
• Hydrogen bonds


  • Occur when covalently bonded H is attracted to a negatively charged atom (usually O, N, F) of a different molecule
  • Represented by dotted lines because the bonds are weak
  • Covalent and ionic bonds are much stronger than hydrogen bonds
  • Water has many characteristics due to hydrogen bonds that make it important in life
• Due to hydrogen bonding, water can absorb or withstand a lot of heat before changing state (solid, liquid, gas)
• In biology, water is used to cool (sweat) or warm up (shiver) the body
• Water loses energy slowly
• Lubricate


  Due to cohesive properties, solvent ability, and heat capacity, water helps reduce friction
• Water

  • High heat capacity (specific heat)
• Cohesion


  Water molecules stick together due to polarity and resulting Hydrogen bonds, creates high surface tension, decreases as solutes dissolve in water
• Solvent


  Ability to dissolve other substances
• Water

  • High surface tension
• Structure of water

  Oxygen is slightly negative and Hydrogen is slightly positive. Oxygen is attracted to other water molecules and any substance that is positive. Hydrogen is attracted to any slightly negative substance. Can cause dissociation of substances
• Properties of water

  • Universal solvent
  • High surface tension
  • Lubricate
  • High heat capacity (specific heat)
• Rule: like dissolves like


  Polar dissolves other polar substances
• High heat capacity

  Due to hydrogen bonding, water can absorb or withstand a lot of heat before changing state, energy is used in breaking hydrogen bonds, water loses energy slowly
• Water

  • Lubricate
• Water

  • Universal solvent
• Solute


  Substance that is dissolved
• Adhesion

  Water has adhesion properties, attractive forces with other substances, stronger if charged surface, stick to other surfaces