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• Poultry is the most common animal food source worldwide
• Poultry production is a source of food security & nutrition
• Objectives of the material

  • To define poultry production
  • To describe the global and local poultry industry
  • To enumerate potential and challenges of the industry
• Animal production sectors

  • Breeder
  • Hatchery
  • Broiler
  • Processing
• 8% of poultry production comes from backyard broiler and layer farms globally
• Poultry production contributes to poverty alleviation
• Poultry production


  Process of rearing domestic birds (chickens, ducks, turkeys, and geese) to generate food like meat and eggs
• Duck & Goose contribute to 7.5% of global meat production and aim to improve human nutrition in Asia
• Chicken is the largest meat source globally, followed by Turkey and Duck & Goose
• The poultry industry has grown 5 times more than 50 years ago
• Asian countries contribute to 50% of the total egg production globally
• The Philippine chicken inventory showed a 1.1% higher inventory in 2022
• Poultry production is the fastest growing agricultural sub-sector in developing countries
• Main types of poultry production

  • Broilers
  • Layers
  • Backyard
• Poultry production gives nutrients with short production cycles
• Poultry is sold by backyard farmers as a source of income during a crisis
• There are 23 Billion birds globally (3 birds:1 person)
• The poultry industry is the most efficient sub-sector
• Chicken accounts for 90% of meat production in the Americas & Europe
• 92% of poultry production comes from commercial broiler and layer farms globally
• Layer production has increased by 100% from 1990 to 2020 and is expected to increase by 8 million tons from 2020 to 2030
• Asia accounts for 37.8% of global poultry production, followed by Latin America, North America, and Europe
• The Philippine poultry industry had an inventory of 181.05 Million birds in 2017, increasing to 202.82 Million birds by September 2023
• The distribution of chicken inventory includes native/improved breeds like Joloanon, Basilan, Paraoakan, Banaba, Darag, and Bolinao
• Poultry farming involves multi-level or multi-tier colony broiler houses
• Poultry production data includes broiler and chicken egg prices, as well as the average farmgate prices and annual growth rates
• Prospects and Challenges

  1. Food Security

  2. Non-consumable (oil seed cakes, bran, swill) by-products can be utilized

  3. Efficient to convert these by-products to meat/egg

  4. Manure as Nitrogen source

  5. Poultry is more available and affordable

  6. Income generated via importation

  7. Poverty alleviation and equity

  8. Increase resilience of poultry raisers

  9. Improve productivity

  10. Increase market participation

  11. Animal and human health

  12. Source of nutrients and possible source of illnesses

  13. Natural resources and climate change

  14. Varying land requirement/edible product between countries and systems

  15. Water footprint (broiler: 11% and layer: 7%) is lower compared to other animal products

  16. Poultry has the least greenhouse gas (GHG) emission

  17. Climate change, nutrient & pesticide pollution and destruction of habitats cause loss of biodiversity
• There is an increasing trend for production and consumption of poultry products both globally and locally
• Poultry production includes the distribution & annual growth rate of chicken laying flock inventory by type and the distribution of total chicken layer flock inventory by region
• Basic Anatomy & Reproductive Physiology of Chickens

  1. Enumerate anatomical features of chickens

  2. Explain reproductive physiology (egg laying)

  3. Discuss the effects of heat stress on various systems
• Poultry farming faces challenges such as Avian influenza, Antimicrobial Resistant microbes, and Salmonella
• Poultry farming is a very important global and local agriculture sector
• Aside from increasing costs of feed ingredients, aspects on food security, poverty alleviation, human and animal health, and climate change (One Health Approach) must also be considered in the business
• Poultry production also covers the volume of imported day-old chicks (DOC) breeder by quarter and the number of chickens dressed in poultry dressing plants by quarter and region
• Poultry production involves the distribution of total chicken inventory by region and the volume & annual growth rate of chicken production
• Conclusions

  1. Poultry farming is important globally and locally

  2. Increasing trends in production and consumption of poultry products

  3. Considerations for food security, poverty alleviation, human and animal health, and climate change (One Health Approach)
• Differences among species and breeds
• Production Focus

  1. 0-6 weeks: Development of internal organs: Brain, Liver, Lungs, Kidney, Heart, GIT

  2. 7-14 weeks: Development of bones

  3. 15 weeks-onwards: Sexual maturity (Ovary and oviduct)
• Objectives

  1. To enumerate anatomical features of chickens

  2. To explain reproductive physiology (egg laying)

  3. To discuss the effects of heat stress on various systems
• Features & Functions

  • Others: Scales, uropygial gland, comb and wattle