2.0 Parts of an Airport

• The planning and designing of the Airport parts are done by the expert of civil and structural engineers.
• Generally, there are 2 types of airports, Towered airports, and Non-Towered airports that have controlled or uncontrolled airports. Both airports have mostly similar parts.
• Important Parts of an Airport:

  Runway

  Taxiway

  Apron

  Terminal Building

  Control Tower

  Hangar

  Fire Station

  Parking
• A rectangular land on which planes do landing and take-off is known as the runway.
• It is the most important part of the airport because if the runway is not constructed accurately there is a high chance of an accident.
• The soil of the runway should follow standard considerations.
• Types of Runways:

  Single runway

  Two runways

  Hexagonal runway

  45-degree runway

  60-degree runway

  60-degree parallel runway
• A taxiway is a way that attaches each end of the runway with a terminal area, apron, hanger, etc. These are placed with asphalt or concrete-like runways.
• In modern airports, taxiways are placed at an angle of 30 degrees to the runway so that aircraft can utilize them to switch from one runway to another quickly. 
• The turning radius at the taxiway and runway encounter should be more than 1.5 times the width of the taxiway.
• The apron is an important part of an airport because it is a place where aircraft are parked. It is also utilized for loading and unloading aircraft.
• The apron is paved and is located in front of the terminal building. 
• The area of Apron is designed according to the expected number of aircraft. The characteristics of aircraft were also kept in mind during the design of Apron.
• The proper drainage should be provided with the best slope of pavement. Proper cleaning should be done to bypass each other.
• A terminal building is an area where airport administration facilities take place. In this building, pre-journey and post-journey checking of passengers is done. Lounges, cafes, etc. are given to the passengers.
• The passengers can enter the plane directly from terminal buildings through sky bridges, walkways, etc. Similarly, the passengers who came from the journey through the plane also can directly enter the terminal building.
• A control tower is an area where aircraft under a specific zone are handled whether they are in the process of landing or in the air. 
• The close observation is performed by the controller through radars and all the information is transmitted through radio.
• The controller from the control tower watches all the aircraft in that zone and provides information to pilots about airport traffic, landing routes, visibility, wind speeds, runway details, etc. which helps the pilot to make a decision and attempt a safe landing.
• A control tower is like the mandatory system of an airport.
• A hangar is an area where the repairing and servicing of aircraft are performed. 
• The taxiway is nearby the hangar connected with the runway so when an emergency repair is required for an aircraft it can be transported to the hangar quickly.
• It is built in the form of a huge shed utilizing steel trusses and frames. A huge place should be given to hangar for the comfortable transport of aircraft.
• Advanced technology is provided in the fire station. In case, if any plane gets accident or catches fire then the fire can be stopped quickly.
• Parking is an area given for parking the vehicles of airport staff or passengers that are outside the terminal building or sometimes under the ground of the terminal building.