Oral Communication

• Communication


  is where people interact through the exchange of verbal and non-verbal symbols to create and interpret meaning
• communis - "to make common"
• communicare - "to make common to many; to share"
• Elements of Communication

  • Sender
  • Message
  • Receiver
  • Channel
  • Feedback
  • Noise
• Sender


  initiates conversation
• Message

  content of the communication
• Receiver


  receives and interprets the message
• Channel


  how the message is conveyed
• Feedback


  receiver's response to the message
• Noise


  interference or disruption to the communication
• Types of Noise

  • Physical Noise
  • Physiological Noise
  • Psychological Noise
  • Semantic Noise
• Physical Noise


  sounds around you
• Physiological Noise


  interferences with our ability to communicate (feeling hungry, angry, headache, etc.)
• Psychological Noise


  disturbances in our head (mental health, overthinking, anxiety, etc.)
• Semantic Noise


  misunderstanding the meaning of words
• Linear Model


  one way of communication; speaker speaks, listener listens
• Laswell's Model (1948)


  by Harold Laswell
• Functions of Communication

  • Surveillance of Environment
  • Correlation of Components in the Society
  • Cultural Transmission
• WHO - Sender

  SAYS WHAT - Message

  CHANNEL - Media

  TO WHOM - Receiver

  WITH WHAT EFFECT - Feedback
• Shannon-Weaver's Model (1949)


  by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
• Shannon-Weaver's Model

  information source to transmitter to channel to receiver to destination
• Berlo's Model (1950)

  Process of Communication by David Berlo
• Process of Communication: An Introduction to Theory and Practice

  Elements:

  • source
  • message
  • channel
  • receiver
• Benefits of Linear Communication

  • Speed
  • Message Control
  • Less noise Interference
• Interactive Model


  two-way process of communication
• Schramm's Model


  by Wilbur Schramm; source and destination, where two people must share similar field of experience
• Osgood-Schramm's Model (1949)
• Benefits of Interactive Model

  • encourages active participation
  • allows the user to reflect on the environment
  • includes feedback
• Transactional Model


  both are senders and receivers where the elements of communication are interdependent
• Characteristics of Transactional Model

  • simultaneous
  • non-verbal communication
  • noise potential
• Helical Model or Dance Model


  by Frank Dance; an evolutionary model with continuity, progress, and accumulation
• Enumerate the Helical Model

  1. Initiating
  2. Understanding
  3. Perceiving
  4. Evaluating
  5. Reacting
  6. Reflecting