Prac research

• The word research comes from the prefix "re" which means again and the root word "search" which is "look for, investigate, discover, etc."
• Research is an investigation, study, exploration or probe on anything applying systematic or scientific methods in gathering data in order to provide answers to some questions or problems that are aimed to improve the quality of life.
• Empirical: Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher.
• Logical: Research is based on valid procedures and principles.
• Cyclical: Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a problem.
• Analytical: Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical, descriptive, experimental or case study.
• Critical: Research exhibits careful and precise judgment.
• Critical: Research exhibits careful and precise judgment.
• Replicability: The research design and procedures are replicated to enable the researcher to arrive at a valid and conclusive result.
• Intellectual curiosity: A researcher undertakes a deep thinking and inquiry of the things and situations around him.
• Prudence: The researcher is careful to conduct his research study at the right time and at the right place wisely, efficiently and economically.
• Healthy Criticism: The researcher is always doubtful as to the truthfulness of the results.
• Intellectual Honesty: An intelligent researcher is honest to collect or gather data or facts in order to arrive at honest results.
• Intellectual creativity: A productive and resourceful investigator always creates new researches.
• INTERPRETATION – the core of qualitative analysis
• ·        qualitative data analysis is:

  often based on grounded theory practices

  answers the “why?” questions

  pays greater attention to individual cases
• QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

   concerned with non-statistical methods of inquiry and analysis of social phenomena.
• Phenomenology: A description of the givens of immediate experience.
• Ethnography: (ethno – people; graphy – writing)

  is a type of qualitative research that gathers observations, interviews and documentary data to produce detailed and comprehensive accounts of different social phenomena.
• Case study: detailed account of one or more cases.
• Grounded theory refers to a set of systematic inductive methods for conducting qualitative research aimed toward theory development.
• FOUR characteristics of grounded theory

  fit – does the theory correspond to the real-world data?
• FOUR characteristics of grounded theory

  understanding – is the theory clear and understandable?
• FOUR characteristics of grounded theory

  generality – is the theory abstract enough to move beyond the specifics in the original research study?
• FOUR characteristics of grounded theory

  control – can the theory be applied to produce real world results?
• open coding – i.e., reading transcripts line-by-line and identifying and coding the concepts found in the data
• axial coding – i.e.  Organizing the concepts and making them more abstract,
• selective coding – i.e.  focusing on the main ideas, developing the story and finalizing the grounded theory.
• Biographical study: considered an exhaustive account of a life experience, it is the collection and analysis of an intensive account of a whole life or portion of a life, usually by an in-depth, unstructured interview.