Geography

• Weathering is a combination of natural processes that break down rocks into small pieces.
• Physical weathering is any force that can mechanically break a rock down into smaller pieces, or fragments. Physical weathering is typically caused by wind, water or ice
• A common case of chemical weathering is acid rain.
• Water coming into contact with carbon dioxide causes the water to become acidic enough to dissolve rock. This is an example of chemical weathering.
• The Ring of Fire is so active because it the edges of the Pacific tectonic plate. The movement of plates cause volcanoes and earthquakes.
• Plants and animals shape a landscape because they alter the landscape to fit their needs.
• Karst landscapes are formed by rain and moving water dissolving limestone over time.
• A landscape is a part of our natural environment that we can see
• Different landscapes are created by different environments
• When oceanic and continental plates collide, the thinner oceanic plate is subducted.
• Deposition is the laying down of materials carried by water, ice or wind.
• The 7 major tectonic plates are: North American, Pacific, Eurasian, African, Indo-Australian, Antarctic, and South American.
• Volcanoes occur when magma rises from deep within the Earth's crust towards the surface.
• Continental crust is mainly made of granite, while oceanic crust is mainly made of basalt.
• Tsunamis are caused by earthquakes that occur under the ocean floor. Energy from these travels underwater and rises once it reaches shallow water. There are often 5-20 waves.
• Most tsunamis are caused by earthquakes over 6.0 (on the Richter scale) and can travel up to 970km per/hr.
• Divergent plates are tectonic plate boundaries that are moving away from each other. Convergent plates are tectonic plate boundaries that are moving towards each other.
• Seismic waves are waves of energy that travel through the earth and are caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and explosions.
• A hotspot is an area on the earth's crust where the crust is quite thin and volcanic activity can sometimes occur. (even if there's no plate boundary.)
• Geomorphic processes are the processes that shape the landscape and the landforms that are formed.
• Fault lines are long cracks in the surface of the earth. They are caused by tectonic plates moving.
• Convection currents cause tectonic plates to move. They are created from heat from the earth's mantle.