HISTORY PAPER 2 COLD WAR

• • Yalta Conference
  • Germany placed under 4 Power Occupation
  • Poland's borders altered with east German territory transferred
  • Agreed declaration of liberated Europe
  • Plans to hold international conference in April to launch the United Nations


  1945
• Truman is elected US President

  April 12, 1945
• Germany surrenders WWII to the Allies

  1945
• • Potsdam Conference
  • Germany to be disarmed, demilitarised and de-Nazified
  • Germany to be given a decentralised political system with a restoration of Freedom of Speech, Free press and religious tolerance
  • Germany to be treated as a single economic unit
  • USSR to receive reparations from its own zone with an additional 25% from the Western Zones
  • Western powers to take reparations from their own zones and receive agricultural produce from the Soviet zone
  • Korea to be divided by the 38th Parallel


  1945
• The United States used nuclear bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshima


  1945
• Japan surrenders WWII


  1945
• George Kennan's 'Long Telegram' to the United States begins US emphasis on Containment


  1946
• Winston Churchill's 'Iron Curtain' speech shows division between West and East Europe


  1946
• Greek Civil War - Leads to Truman to consider further containment policies


  1946
• Truman Doctrine is established

  1947
• Marshall Plan is announced to provide economic aid to European nations fighting communism


  1947
• Communist dominance established in Hungary

  1947
• Cominform is formed to coordinate policy in the Soviet bloc

  1947
• Czechoslovakia is taken over by the USSR

  1948
• Stalin begins the Berlin Blockade

  1948
• NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) is formed


  1949
• • Berlin Blockade Ends
  • West Germany became the FRG (Federal Republic of Germany)
  • East Germany became the GDR (German Democratic Republic)


  1949
• USSR successfully detonates an Atomic bomb


  1949
• The CCP (Chinese Communist Party) led by Mao Zedong wins the Chinese Civil War - The Fall of China


  1949
• McCarthyism ('The Red Scare') begins in the USA


  1949
• Sino-Soviet Alliance is formed (China and USSR)


  1950
• Korean War begins - North Korea

  1950
• Truman fires General MacArthur as commander in the Korean War


  1951
• The San Francisco Treaty ends Japan's Empire

  1951
• Eisenhower is elected US president November


  1952
• Death of Joseph Stalin

  1953
• Nikita Khrushchev consolidates power as leader of the USSR


  1953
• Signing of Korean War Armistice

  1953
• McCarthyism ends


  1954
• Beginning of peaceful coexistence


  1954
• KGB formed in the USSR

  1954
• Creation of SEATO (SouthEast Asia Treaty Organization)


  1954
• Battle of Dien Bien Phu - France loses influence in Vietnam


  1954
• • Geneva Conference
  • Vietnam was temporarily divided at the 17th Parallel
  • Withdrawal of French forces in the North and nationalist forces in the South
  • Promise of national elections to be held in 2 years time

  1954
• First Taiwan Straits Crisis


  1954
• The Vietnam War begins

  1955
• Austrian State Treaty - US and USSR deem Austria a neutral zone


  1955
• • Geneva Summit
  • Open Skies Proposal conducted by Eisenhower, Khrushchev rejects
  • USA proposes German reunification, Soviets propose neutral, demilitarised Germany
  • All leaders agreed that German reunification via free elections should be carried out


  1955
• Hallstein Doctrine - a strict policy agreement that West Germany would not enter into any diplomatic relations with states recognising Eastern Germany


  1955
• Khrushchev's Secret Speech - aims of De Stalinisation


  1956