RIPH

• History


  Greek word “historia” which means knowledge required through inquiry or investigation.

  
  

  Greek word “istoia” meaning learning
• Aristole


  For him, history is the systematic account of a set of NATURAL PHENOMENA.
• In the present

  History is;

  “past of mankind“

  Study of past events, particularly in human affairs.
• V.S Smith


  According to him, the value and interest of history depend largely on the degree in which is illuminated by the past.
• Jawaharal Nehru


  According to him, History is the story of man’s struggle through the ages against nature and the elements; against wild beasts and the jungle and some of his own kind who have tried o keep him down and to exploit him for their on benefit.
• Historical method


  It is the process of critically examining and analyzing the records and survivals of the past.
• Historical sources 


  It is an object from the past or testimony concerning the past which historian’s use to create their own depiction of the past.
• • Published materials
  • Book, journals, and manuscripts
  • Handwritten and unprinted like archival materials and memoirs

  Examples of written sources
• Oral history, artifacts, fossils, etc.

  Examples of non written sources
• Primary sources


  ~ it is a testimony of an eyewitness

  ~ produced by a contemporary of that is narrated

  ~ it is a document or physical object written or created during the time under study
• • Historical record
  • Newspaper and magazines
  • Records of social observations
  • Chronicles
  • Human fossils
  • Artifacts
  • Royal decrees and laws
  • Official reports

  Kinds of primary sources
• • National Archive of the Philippines
  • National Library of the Philippines
  • National Historical Commission of the Phil
  • National Museum of the Phil
  • UP Main Lib
  • Olfu Lib
  • Library of Congress

  Repositories of primary sources
• Secondary sources


  ~ Interpret and analyze primary sources

  ~ They are one or more steps removed from the event

  ~ ex. printed textbooks
• • Books with endnotes and footnotes
  • Biographies
  • Reprint of artwork
  • Journal/magazine article which interprets or reviews previous findings
  • Library criticism
  • Book reviews
  • Literary criticism

  Examples of Secondary Sources
• • Books
  • Indexes
  • Databases
  • Internet
  • Periodicals/magazines
  • Market consultants
  • Market professionals

  Secondary research sources
• Historical Criticism


  Settles matters on the form and content of a source
• External Criticism


  It deals with the problem of authenticity; to spot hoaxes, fakes, forgeries, and fabrications
• Quality of the paper, type of the ink, language and words used in the material

  Example of External Criticism
• Internal Criticism


  ~ It is the examination of the truthfulness of the evidence. It looks at the content of the source and examines the circumstance of its production.
• Teodoro Agoncillo


  ~ He is a prominent 20th century Filipino historian

  ~ He and his contemporary Renato Constantino were among the first filipinos renowned for promoting a distinctly nationalist point of view in Filipino history.

  ~ SECONDARY SOURCE
• Santiago Alvarez


  ~ He is a revolutionary general and a founder and honorary president of the first directorate of the Nacionalista Party

  ~ AKA “Kidlat ng Apoy” because of his inflamed bravery and dedication as commander of Cavite’s famous battles

  ~ The only child pf revolutionary general Mariano Alvarez

  ~ Primary Source
• Robert Fox 


  ~ He led a six-year archeological research project in Palawan, focusing on the caves and rock shelters of Lipuun Point in the southern part of the island.

  ~ It is most out site is the Tabon Cave Complex, the large main cave delivered only Pleistocene human fossils found on the Philippines to date (skull cap, jaw bones, teeth, and several fragmented bones.

  ~ Dubbed as the “Tabon Man” - the finds represen more than just one individual

  ~ Primary Source
• William Henry Scott


  ~ A historian of the Gran Cordillera Central and pre-hispanic Philippines

  ~ Secondary Source
• Antonio Pigafetta 


  ~ An Italian scholar and explorer from the Republic of Venice

  ~ He joined the expedition to the Spice Islands led by explorer Ferdinand Magellan under the flag of King Charles I of Spain and, after Magellan’s death in the Philippines, the subsequent voyage around the world.

  ~ During the expedition, he served as Magellan’s assistant and kept an accurate journal which later assisted him in translating the Cebuano language. It is the first recorded document concerning the language

  ~ Primary Source
• Juan De Plasencia 


  ~ A Spanish friar of the Franciscan Order

  ~ He spent most of his missionary life in the Philippines, where he founded numerous towns in Luzon and authored several religious and linguistic books “Doctrina Cristiana” (Christian Doctrine), the first book ever printed in the Philippines
• Emilio Jacinto


  ~ A Filipino General during the Philippines Revolution

  ~ One of the high-ranking officers in the Philippine Revolution and a highest-ranking officers of the revolutionary society Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Katipunan)
• Kartilla


  ~ Served as a guidebook for new members of the organization, which laid out the organization, which laid out the groups rules and principles.

  ~ First edition of Kartilya was written by Andres Bonifacio.

  ~ Emilio Jacinto later pen a revised Decalogue
• Apolinario Mabini


  ~ A Filipino revolutionary leader, educator, lawyer and statesman who served first as a legal and constitutional adviser to the Revolutionary Government, and then as the first Prime Minister of the Philippi upon the establishment of the first Philippine Republic

  ~ “Utak ng himagsikan“ or “Brain of the Revolution”
• Learning 


  History came from the greek word “istoia” meaning?
• Aristotle


  According to him, history is the systematic account o a set of natural phenomena
• Historical Method 


  It is the process of critically examining and analyzing the records and survivals of the past
• History Criticisms


  It settles matters on the form and content of a source
• Homo Sapiens 


  According to Robert Fox, the fossil bones of Tabon Man are those of?
• March 25, 1897


  According to Santiago Alvarez, this was the date of the Tejeros Convention
• Uncle 


  What is the relationship of Andres Bonifacio to Mariano Alvarez?
• Baldomero Aguinaldo


  He was the leader of the Magdalo Faction
• Emilio Aguinaldo


  He was elected as the President during the “Tejeros Concention”
• Daniel Tirona


  He was the one who protested when the Director of Interior was proclaimed during the Tejeros Convention
• June 12, 1898 


  The Philippine declaration of Independence occured in Kawit, Cavite
• • Artifact
  • Memoir

  PRIMARY SOURCES