Odisha

• Where is odisha


  South East Coast of India, bordering the Bay of Bengal
• How long is the Odisha

  480km
• Odishas coastline


  6 major deltas

  mostly depositional landforms

  Chilika Lake - vital to the nation as in monsoon season the salt water becomes fresh water

  Paradip port
• What are the main habitats in Odisha

  Chilika lake

  Mangrove forests

  Coastal habitats - offshore and near shore
• Proportion of the coast line that is stable

  14.4%
• Proportion of the coast line that is eroding

  36.8%
• Proportion of the coast line that is accreting

  46.8%
• Risks for odisha

  - over exploitation of the coast

  - over incursion of salt water - food security problems

  - climate change - Odisha is 10% more effected

  - 3 km of coast retreat in 40 years

  - Paradip port - expansion and growth of it leads to destruction of nearby areas

  - lost 28% of coastline due to sea water ingression

  - National institute of ocean technology - port has interrupted natural flow of sediment
• opportunities for Odisha


  - Due to mangrove planting a large variety of biodiversity can settle

  _ Mangroves rich in mineral deposits

  - Many locals employed in tourism, fishing, agriculture and industry - income for families

  - Scientific research opportunities

  - Huge opportunity for offshore wind and tidal power

  - Cultural heritage sites - cause for attraction of tourists

  - Chilika Lake - 130 species of birds
• Impacts of the 2013 Cyclone in Odisha

  • Cyclone Phailin resulted in the deaths of 23 people and affected about 9 million residents
  • It destroyed crops worth more than $394 million along with hundreds of thousands of houses, schools, and other buildings
  • Authorities and international assistance conducted one of the largest evacuation operations in history, relocating millions of people from coastal areas
  • Cyclone caused extensive damage to power lines, roads, and communication networks, disrupting the daily lives of those affected.
• Mitigation strategies to the cyclone

  1) Warning systems put in place to alert residents of the threat

  2) Trained volunteers to help respond to future problems

  3) Set up a disaster management authority

  4) Built several cyclone shelters to provide a safe place to go
• Average width of mangroves protecting coastal villages in Odisha

  5.1 km in 1944, now 2.1 km since 1999
• What has led to the loss of mangroves

  Human activities in the form of farming, aquaculture, urban development and natural processes such as erosion and extreme weather
• Why is planting mangroves sustainable

  Mangroves act as a natural coastal barrier to flooding, salt water incursion due to root system

  They also act as a home for many flora and fauna, a variety of ecosystems

  Mangroves have a long life span so are highly effective as well as being natural
• Aims of ICZM


  - sustainable fishing

  - nature based tourism

  - maintaining ecological integrity

  - maintenance of high levels of biodiversity

  - Infrastructure development

  - Protection from the weather
• Stakeholders for Odisha


  - Ministry of environment forest and climate change

  - World Bank

  - State level government
• To build resilience ICZM have:

  - Created alternative livelihoods - diversifying the skill set eg: drying fish, poultry, dairy milk industry (72 villages)

  Coir for the women, given training and financial help to get starting with their new lives (16 villages)

  - The State cultural dept. given training to men to restore and upgrade the temples around the area - more attractive and source of income

  - Ecotourism around Chilika Lake - source of income whilst still being able to show off their natural environment at now damaging cost
• To help mitigate the ICZM have:

  - Planted many mangroves as they act as a natural barrier to flooding due to complex root system

  - Built cyclone shelters to protect residents when they hit - can hold up to 1400 people per shelter, great investment to the coastline as Odisha is very venerable to extreme weather
• To help adapt the ICZM have:

  - Ecotourism is being implemented around areas like Chilika Lake and other areas like the deltas - tourism is more focused on nature and the natural beauty of the landscape - provides benefits to the locals and a wealth to the area

  - Infrastructure like storage tanks for rainfall are being built due to the change in patterns of rainfall

  - Fertilizer usage is being reduced by growing new salt water tolerant rice varieties
• Has sustainable management been a success for Odisha

  Yes the managing schemes have helped significantly to build resilience, enable mitigation and adaption along the coastline. new ways to earn income have meant the local villages have new opportunities

  Odisha has responded to some impacts created by climate change as well as pressures faced along the coast but there are still issues with Pradip Port and the future of the coastline