ICLO

• Leisurely Pleasure Cruises: Ships begin to carry immigrants to the U.S. in steerage class, marking the beginning of leisurely pleasure cruises


  1880s
• Improvement in Voyage Quality: Dramatic improvement in the quality of voyages for passengers as ships begin to cater solely to passengers

  1850s-1860s
• P&O Cruises: Advent of pleasure cruises with the establishment of Peninsular Steam Navigation Company


  1844
• Britannia's Maiden Voyage: Britannia, the first ship under the Cunard name, departs Liverpool for a 14-day transatlantic crossing with a cow on board for fresh milk supply


  July 4, 1840
• Mark Twain's Cruise: Mark Twain is a passenger on the first cruise originating in America, recording his experiences in the book "Innocents Abroad"


  1867
• Origin of "POSH": The term "POSH" is coined, standing for "Port Out, Starboard Home"


  1887
• Development of Superliners: Development of superliners, with Germany leading in the creation of floating hotels like Mauritania and Lusitania


  Early 20th Century
• Impact on Cruising: Leisure cruising ceases during both World Wars; ships converted into troop carriers


  World War I and II
• Sinking of Britannic: Britannic, the sister ship of Titanic, sinks during World War I


  1916
• Golden Age of Cruising Begins: Passenger comfort and space take precedence over speed in ship design, marking the Golden Age of cruising


  1900
• Sinking of Titanic: The sinking of the Titanic devastates the White Star Line


  1912
• Introduction of Steamships: Steamships dominate the transatlantic market for passenger and mail transport


  1830
• Black Ball Line Liverpool Packets: First shipping company to offer regular service from the United States to England


  1816
• Cunard Buys White Star: Cunard buys out White Star, forming Cunard White Star with 25 vessels


  1934
• Decline of Transatlantic Cruising: The first non-stop flight to Europe marks the decline of transatlantic business for ocean liners, leading to bankruptcies and ship sales

  1958
• Resurgence of Cruising: Cruise liners converted for refugee transport and business travel after World War II

  Post-World War II
• Emergence of Modern Cruising: Modern cruising emerges as a distinct form of travel

  1960
• Rise of Cruise Ships with Amenities: Cruise ships become laden with amenities, popularized by the television series "The Love Boat"


  1977-1986
• Divergence and Advancements: Companies build larger "megaliners" with advanced amenities and services. Introduction of mega-ships like Allure of the Seas, Quantum of the Seas, Harmony of the Seas, Symphony of the Seas, and Wonder of the Seas. Ongoing development with the emergence of new cruise ships in 2022, such as Valiant Lady, Discovery Princess, Wonder of the Seas, Celebrity Beyond, Disney Wish, Norwegian Prima, Carnival Celebration, Resilient Lady, MSC Seascape, and MSC World Europa

  2010s-2020s
• Continued Development: Further development in the cruise industry with the emergence of several cruise lines

  1990s
• UPDATE ON CRUISE SHIP REQUIREMENTS (DECEMBER, 2022)
• Update on cruise ship requirements

  WEEK 3, December 2022
• Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL) was the first to eliminate the COVID vaccine requirement, effective September 3. Most major cruise lines followed suit, revising their vaccination and testing policies
• Azamara Cruises (Starting December 1, 2022)


  1. No proof of vaccination required for sailings starting and ending in the U.S. or Europe

  2. All other sailings require proof of vaccination and booster until further notice

  3. Negative COVID-19 test not mandatory unless required by local country regulations
• Celebrity Cruises


  1. All guests can sail on most U.S. and Europe sailings without proof of pre-departure testing

  2. Exceptions include select specified sailings where vaccination or testing is required by law
• Many cruise lines announce the elimination of COVID-19 vaccine requirements and pre-cruise COVID testing later in the summer as part of their health and safety protocols
• New cruise ships in 2022

  • Valiant Lady
  • Discovery Princess
  • Wonder of the Seas
  • Celebrity Beyond
  • Disney Wish
  • Norwegian Prima
  • Carnival Celebration
  • Resilient Lady
  • MSC Seascape
  • MSC World Europa
• Cunard

  1. All guests ages 12 and older must be fully vaccinated

  2. Pre-cruise COVID testing for vaccinated guests is now highly recommended
• Disney Cruise Line (Beginning November 14, 2022)


  1. Vaccination not required but highly recommended for guests of all ages

  2. Negative COVID-19 test no longer required for sailings departing from the United States
• Costa Cruises

  1. Varying requirements for Caribbean, Western Mediterranean, Emirates, and Transatlantic cruises

  2. Vaccination and testing specifics depend on the destination and cruise type
• Margaritaville at Sea

  1. Vaccinated guests no longer required to present a pre-cruise COVID test

  2. Unvaccinated travelers must provide a negative antigen test one day before sailing
• Oceania Cruises

  1. Guests of all ages welcomed back regardless of vaccination status

  2. Specific requirements for certain destinations communicated as needed
• Norwegian Cruise Line (Updated)

  Elimination of all pre-cruise testing, vaccine requirements, and masking protocols for guests of all ages
• Carnival Cruise Line (As of October 25, 2022)

  1. Vaccinations encouraged for guests 5 years and older

  2. Testing encouraged for all guests 5 years and older within three days of the cruise

  3. Longer cruises (16 nights or more) have stricter vaccination and testing requirements
• Princess Cruises


  Elimination of all COVID health and safety measures, including vaccination and pre-cruise testing
• MSC Cruises

  1. Vaccination and pre-cruise testing recommended but not required for most U.S. cruises

  2. Specific requirements for cruises with stops in Cartagena, Colombia
• Regent Seven Seas Cruises

  Guests of all ages welcomed back regardless of vaccination status
• Holland America Line

  1. All passengers welcomed back regardless of vaccination status on select cruises

  2. Different testing and vaccination policies for cruises of varying lengths
• Air/Sea Package

  • Airfares
  • Shore excursions
  • Gratuities
  • Alcoholic beverages
  • Port charges
  • Government fees
  • Valet services
  • Transfers, and taxes
• Degree of Inclusiveness

  • Stateroom accommodations
  • Stateroom amenities
  • Meals
  • Entertainment
  • Onboard activities
  • Ship transportation (tenders)