UCSP - Midterms Custom

• Culture – consists of the shared values, customs, and linguistic and communicational systems that can be used to identify a group of people as a whole
• Society – group of people that shares territory, interaction, and culture.
• Politics – all about making policy for the government
• Two Types of Political Change I

  • Internal Political Change – changes are suggested by country residents.
• Two Types of Political

  • External Political Change – changes happen when it is initiated by other countries.
• Dissolution of a Society

  • When the people kill each other through civil revolution;
  • When an outside force exterminates the members of the society; and
  • When an existing society is submerged in water killing all the people and other living things in it.
• Enculturation – process of learning own culture
• Acculturation – process of learning another culture
• Hunting & Gathering – they survive by hunting animals, fishing, and gathering plants.
• Pastoral – they raised animals to provide milk, fur, and blood for protein.
• Horticultural – they rely on cultivating fruits, vegetables, and plants.
• Agricultural – use technological advances to cultivate crops
• Industrial – use technology and machinery to enable mass production
• Post-Industrial – spread of computer technology
• Causes of Cultural Change

  • Discovery, Invention, Diffusion, Colonization, Rebellion
• Cultural relativism – the practice that one must understood in the context of their locality
• Absolute Cultural Relativism – culture even when considered strange should not be questioned. Ex: Foot binding & Female Genital Mutilation
• Critical Cultural Relativism – importance to find out why some cultures are practiced so asking questions is fine.
• Ethnocentrism – one's culture is seen as the most efficient and superior among the cultures in the world
• Xenocentrism – belief that another culture is superior to one’s own
• Cultural Variation – rich diversity in social patterns that different human group exhibit around the world
• Subculture – have a specific and unique set of beliefs and values that set them apart from dominant culture Examples: emos, hipsters, hippies, punks
• Counter Culture – A group that actively rejects the dominant cultural values and norms
• High Culture – a culture practiced and patronized by the upper classes of the society
• Popular Culture – is a culture practiced or patronized by the middle and working classes of the society. Examples: Entertainment (films, music, video games), Sports, Politics, Fashion, Technologies, Slangs
• Types of symbols

  Social – Ex: Social Classes, Social Issues/Problems, material possessions, clothing
• TYPES OF SYMBOLS

  Cultural symbols & practices– Ex: Baro’t Saya, Jeepney, Philippine Flag, traditional medical practices (albularyo), religious practices ( Misa de Gallo & Swaying at St. Claire of Obando, Bulacan), Culinary Practices, Child-rearing practices (pagmamano, paggamit ng ‘po’ at ‘opo’)
• TYPES OF SYMBOLS

  Economic symbols & practices– Ex: Philippine Peso, Alkansya, Paluwagan, Lucky Charms, Sideline/Raket
• TYPES OF SYMBOLS

  Political symbols & practices– Ex: banners, motto, flag, political dynasties, padrino system, Traditional Politicians
• Agents of Socialization

  • Family – the first and the closest contact a child has since they were born.
  • Peers – social group of people of the same age group School – develops an individual's knowledge, values, and skills to become productive member of a society.
  • Church – socialization in religious organizations are centered on religious belief system.
  • Mass Media – brings spreads cultures and knowledge across the world near to an individual
• 3. . Initiative vs. Guilt – if a child encourage on what they want to do, they develop the initiative
• 4. Industry vs. Inferiority – if a child encouraged to improve their abilities and received good feedbacks, they we’re likely develop a sense of confidence.
• 5. Identity vs. Confusion – if they do not explore the diff. roles, they can remain confuse about their identity
• 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation – if a person have poor sense of self, he/she tend to have less committed relationship
• 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation – we feel successful and contributing to the world, if we succeed in building a good and productive life
• 8. Integrity vs. Despair – Those person who are unsuccessful in this stage will experience many regrets and left with feeling of despair.
• Conformity – act of following the roles and goals of one's society
• Deviance – act of violating the social norms
• ID – pleasure and demands gratification

  EGO – “The Decision-Maker”

  SUPEREGO – conscience
• Preconscious – accessible and retrievable information is located

  Conscious – this level of the mind has the accessible information & memories

  Unconscious – inaccessible memories, thoughts, emotions, and feelings