GEWORLD

• Anti-globalization refers to the movement in the 1990s resisting trade deals among countries facilitated by global organizations like WTO
• Globalization in engineering

  Trend towards internationally integrated markets and global interconnectedness
• Globalization According to Economist

  • Increased free trade
  • Speed of trade
  • Formation of global economic organizations
  • Setting up of regional economic blocs
  • Increased travel (cheap flights)
• Manfred Steger: 'Described globalization as an expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-time and world-space'
• Key Concepts of Globalization

  • Globalization is not new in the modern context
  • Cuturela (2012) cited a published work, Towards New Education, which used the term “globalization” in 1930
  • Globalization - to designate an overview of the human experience in education
  • After the Cold War, the term was used to define an interdependent world in its economical and informational dimensions
  • As defined by Webster, globalization
• Intensification and Acceleration of Social Exchanges and Activities

  • From snail mail to Facebook
  • Live television broadcast
• Drivers of Globalization Processes

  • Politics - laws and regulations
  • Economics - interconnectedness of trades
• Globalization is primarily an economic process, referring to the integration of national markets into a wider global market through increased free trade
• Interdisciplinary Approach


  Approach used in general education (GE) courses
• Globalization in communication

  Ability to send and receive information worldwide
• Globalization scholars view the process through various lenses considering multiple theories and perspectives
• Globalization relevance to the course


  • 1. A cure to parochialism - An outlook limited to one’s immediate community. Closed-minded.
  • 2. It can teach you more about yourself - The experience of communities outside our own may provide solutions to many problems or warnings. Knowledge of other societies’ economic growth can be a model in policy making.
  • 3. Need to study the world because you will be interacting with it - Statistics on Filipinos leaving to work abroad and the impact of globalization on those staying in the Philippines
  • 4. The phenomenon of globalization occurs subjectively - Thinking about the world, associating with global trends, feeling a sense of responsibility
• Scapes of Globalization according to Arjun Appadurai

  • Ethnoscape
  • Mediascape
  • Technoscape
  • Financescape
  • Ideoscape
• Globalization in education

  'Global system' of education emerging beyond individual countries
• Globalism


  Belief among powerful people that global integration of economic markets is beneficial for spreading freedom and democracy worldwide
• Martin Albrow and Elizabeth King (1990): 'Globalization is "all those processes by which the people of the world are incorporated into a single world society (borderless community)"'
• Steger (2005): 'Globalization should be confined to a set of complex, social processes changing current social conditions derived from the modern independence of nation-states'
• After the Cold War, the term was used to define an interdependent world in its economical and informational dimensions
• Anthony Giddens (1991): 'Defines globalization as the intensification of worldwide social relations linking distant localities in a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice-versa'
• IMF noted that some countries integrate rapidly into the global market, leading to growth and poverty reduction
• Roland Robertson (1992): 'Described globalization as the compression of the world and the intensification of the perception of the world as a whole'
• Countries with the most advanced economies have modern technology based on science and knowledge
• IMF (2000): 'Globalization refers to an extension beyond national borders of market forces operating for centuries at all levels of human economic activity'
• This perspective explains the functions of free markets, their rationality, efficiency, and alleged ability to bring about greater social integration
• Interconnectedness due to globalization

  • Social
  • Economic relationships
  • Networks relevant in global interactions
• Globalization


  To designate an overview of the human experience in education
• In the 1980s, globalization became a common word due to advances in modern technologies making international transactions in trade and finances convenient, accessible, and easy
• Core Claim 1: Globalization is about the liberalization and global integration of markets, anchored in the neo-liberal ideal of self-regulating markets as the normative basis for a future global order
• The balance between science or knowledge and resources has changed, with science and knowledge becoming significant factors in determining a country's standard of living
• Impact of Globalization

  • Transnational spread of capital
  • Formation of global markets
• International Monetary Fund (IMF): 'Identified overviews of various areas of globalization, offering extensive opportunities for worldwide development but not progressing evenly'
• Globalization


  The development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked by free trade, free flow of capital, and tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets
• Globalization has exerted a tremendously serious impact on each sovereign state
• Education used the term "globalization"


  1930
• Rapid interconnection worldwide links people in local, national, and regional contexts
• Globalization is not a recent phenomenon and is not mystifying
• Will Hutton & Anthony Giddens: 'Globalization is the interplay of extraordinary technological innovation mixed with influence of the world, giving today's changes complexity'
• Globalization is a multidimensional set of social processes creating, multiplying, stretching, and intensifying worldwide social interdependencies and exchanges while fostering a growing awareness of connections between the local and the distant
• Steger (2014) pointed out 5 Core Claims of Market Globalism in the mid-1990s, where more population in the global north and south accepted globalism's core claims
• Market globalism believes that markets have the capacity to use new technologies to solve social problems