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Cognitive psychology
Loftus' and palmer
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Vanilla onyiwe
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Cards (11)
The expectation was that any information
subtly
introduced after the event through
leading
questions would
distort
the original memory
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The
dependent
variable in Experiment 1 was the estimated
speed
given by the participant
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The
independent variable
in Experiment 1 was the wording of a critical question hidden in a questionnaire
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Verb conditions and mean estimated speed
Smashed -
40.5
mph
Collided -
39.3
mph
Bumped -
38.1
mph
Hit -
34.0
mph
Contacted -
31.8
mph
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Experiment 2
3 conditions,
response bias
,
changes in memory
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Procedure for Experiment 2
All participants were shown a
one-minute
film with a multiple
car crash
and then given a
questionnaire
with
critical
questions about the incident
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Procedure for Experiment 1
All participants were shown
7
film clips of different
traffic accidents
and then given a
questionnaire
with
critical
questions about the accidents
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45
of Loftus' students from
Washington University
were divided into
5
groups with
9
participants in each group
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Research Method
Two lab experiments were conducted using an independent measures design in highly controlled environments
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Sample for Experiment 2:
150
different students from
Washington University
divided into 3 groups with
50
participants in each group
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Smashed produced the fastest speed estimates and contacted the
lowest
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