enzymes

• Uncompetitive inhibitors bind only when the substrate is present, forming an ESI complex with the substrate and inhibitor bound together.
• The enzyme catalyzes the reaction by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur, resulting in faster rates of reaction.
• Enzyme-substrate complex is formed when the substrate binds to an active site on the enzyme.
• enzymes are specialised proteins that catalyse biochemical reactions in cells.
• anabolic reactions are reactions that build up molecules from smaller molecules to larger molecules. ex protein synthesis and photosynthesis
• at high temperatures, some bonds within enzymes may break down or become denatured, reducing their activity
• catabolic reactions are reactions that break down complex molecules into simpler molecules. ex digestion and cellular respiration
• enzymes have a specific region where the substrates bind and catalysis occurs called the active site
• enzymes are substrate specific, high specificity means enzymes can only catalyse one reaction, and low specificity means enzymes can catalyse many reactions
• catalysts increase the speed of chemical reactions without being used up themselves
• substrate binding increases the rate of reaction by bringing reactants together at the same time and place
• endergonic: (of a metabolic or chemical process) accompanied by or requiring the absorption of energy, the products being of greater free energy than the reactants.
• metabolism is the total of all the chemical processes that take place in the body.
• catalysts speed up reactions by influencing the stability of bonds in the reactants
• factors affecting enzymes

  • temperature
  • pH
  • concentration
  • inhibitors
  • cofactors
• an inhibitor is any substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme
• anabolic reaction is a reaction that builds up a molecule from smaller molecules
• anabolism constructs molecules and consumes energy (ATP)
• catabolic reactions break down molecules and release energy