Organic chemistry

• organic compounds are molecules containing carbon atoms
• Structural Formula shows which atoms are attached to which within the molecule. Atoms are represented by their chemical symbols and lines are used to show all bond lines.
• Condensed structural formula shows the way in which atoms are bonded together in the molecule but does not show all the bond lines.
• Molecular formula is a chemical formula that indicates the element and numbers of each of the atoms in a molecule.
• Functional group is a bond/atom/group of atoms that determines the physical and chemical properties of a group of organic compounds.
• Homologous series is a series of organic compounds that can be described with the same general formula or in which one member differs from the next CH2 group
• Saturated compounds in which there are no multiple bonds between C atoms in their hydrocarbon chains.
• Unsaturated compounds are compounds in which there are one or more multiple bonds between C atoms in their hydrocarbon chains.
• projectile is when an object is given an initial velocity and then moves under the influence of gravitational force only.
• Free fall is the motion during which the only force acting on the object is the gravitational force.
• Melting point is the temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are at equilibrium
• Vapour pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapour at equilibrium with its liquid in a closed system
• Boiling point is the termperature at which vapour pressure equals external atmospheric pressure.
• Functional isomers have the same molecular formula but different functional groups
• Positional isomers have the same molecular formula but different positions of the side chain, substituents or functional groups on the parent chain.
• Chain isomers have the same molecular formula but different types of chains.
• Tertiary alcohols are alcohols that the carbon carrying the hydroxyl group is bonded to 3 carbons in the hydrocarbon chain.
• Secondary alcohol is an alcohol where the carbon carrying the hydroxyl group is bonded to 2 carbons in the hydrocarbon chain.
• Primary alcohol is an alcohol where the carbon carrying the hydroxyl group is bonded to one carbon in the hydrocarbon chain
• structural isomers have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas