Science biology

• Animal cell has nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm and mitochondria
• A cell is a basic unit of life
• Mitochondria is also known as a powerhouse
• Root hair cell can be found in a root cell
• Plant cell has cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, sap vacuole, cytoplasm and chloroplast
• Define chloroplasts = contains green pigment (chlorophylls)
• Specialised cells are cells that could be modified from their original types to perform special features
• What are the modified cells?

  1. Root hair cell - absorb salt minerals and water
  2. Red blood cell - transport oxygen
  3. Xylem vessels - transport salt minerals and water
• Specialised function of hair root is that it can absorb minerals and water from soil
• Special features of the cell

  1. Large sap vacuole
  2. Long and narrow
  3. Grows outwards from the roots
• Root hair cells help to absorb water efficiently by

  1. Increase surface to absorb as much minerals and water
  2. Absorbs water as much as it can
• Chloroplasts does not exists in root hair cell diagram
• Cell membrane structure is that it controls what goes in and out as it is semi permeable
• Cytoplasm structure is a jelly like substance that is 90% made out of water with dissolve salts and sugar
• Cytoplasm is also a site of chemical reaction (metabolic reaction) and is a temporary food storage
• Cell membrane function is that it creates passage for substance so it could easily go in and out of the cell

  by water (osmosis) -> oxygen and carbon dioxide by diffusion

  Large molecules cant go in
• Nucleus structure

  Has dna enclosed within the Nucleus membrane, chromosomes that carries out genetics information of the cell
• Nucleus function

  1. Controls life of the cell
  2. Controls chemical reaction within the cell and cell division
• Cellulose structure

  Fully permeable

  It's rigid because it is made by cellulose
• Cellulose function

  Allows any substance to go in, supports non woody plant organs because turgor pressure

  Supports and protects cell
• Large sap vacuole is made out of a solution called sap solution which is 90% of water with dissolve salts and sugar
• (Large) sap vacuole is also a food storage, needs osmoregulations and keeps the cell in shape
• Red blood cell have a red pigment called haemoglobin if mixed with oxygen it is called oxyhaemoglobin
• Red blood cells does not have nuclei, meaning Red blood cell does not live long
• Diffusion is movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
• Molecules is small unit of a substance that can be broken down in to simpler units
• osmosis is the movement of water potential to a concentrated solution through a partial permeable membrane
• Amylase is an enzyme in our saliva that breaks down starch into glucose
• Catalyst is a substance that increase the rate of chemical reaction without being used up
• Xylem is made of dead cells and is found in phloem
• Photosynthesis is a process which green plants use to convert light energy into chemical energy
• Animal cells

  1. Human cell
  2. Blood cell
• Red blood cell specialised function is that it transport oxygen around the body
• Special features of red blood cell

  1. Carries nutrients
  2. Their disc-like and biconcave
• How red blood cell helps transport oxygen efficiently?

  1. No nucleus, so cytoplasm can contain more haemoglobin so more oxygen can be transported
  2. Provides large surface area for the cell to efficiently pick up and release oxygen. Could easily squeeze through narrow capillaries in a tissue
• Xylem specialised function

  1. It's to transport water and mineral salts from roots to stem and leaves
  2. To support plants
• Xylem specialised features

  1. Long narrow and tube-like
  2. Has thick wall of lignin, tough substance
• Xylem helps vessel to travel efficiently by

  1. Transport water and mineral salts from roots to stem and leaves
  2. Support plants
• 3 similarities of animal cell and plant cell

  1. Nucleus
  2. Cell membrane
  3. Cytoplasm
• 3 differences of animal cell and plant cell (full sentence only)

  1. Animal cell does not have cell wall unlike plant cell
  2. Animal cell does not have chloroplasts unlike Plant cell
  3. Plant cell does not have mitochondria unlike Animal cell