CU2

• Levels of Disaster and Management

  • Level I: Local emergency response personnel and organizations can contain and effectively manage the disaster and its aftermath
  • Level II: Regional efforts and aid from surrounding communities are sufficient to manage effects of the disaster
  • Level III: Local and regional assets are overwhelmed; statewide assistance is required
• Considerations related to levels of disaster

  • Level I: Response team should be competent in basic emergency preparedness
  • Level II: Assure adequate linkages with other organizations and agencies in the surrounding community
  • Level III: Assure adequate linkages between local and national-level organizations
• Disaster Planning

  1. Cyclical process, composed of phases, often taking place concurrently, indicative of specific actions, along with the nature and scope of the plan

  2. Aims to reduce the negative impact or consequences of adverse events
• Mitigation Strategies

  • Risk Assessment: Hazard Identification, Vulnerability Analysis
  • Various mitigation strategies or measures (Capacities)
• Mitigation and Prevention


  All actions taken before a disaster to reduce its impacts, including preparedness and long-term risk reduction measures
• Disaster Continuum

  1. Provides a guide on the timeline of a disaster

  2. Consists of three phases: Pre-impact (0-24 HOURS), Impact (24-72 HOURS), Post Impact (more than 72 HOURS)
• Risk Assessment: Hazard Identification is the potential to danger or disaster, for example, industrial chemicals, transportation
• Disaster Management Cycle

  1. Mitigation: Measures put in place to minimize the results from a disaster

  2. Preparedness: Planning how to respond, Forecasting, Preparedness Plans, Communications Management

  3. Response: Initial actions taken as the event takes place, involves efforts to minimize the hazards created by a disaster

  4. Recovery: Returning the community to normal (pre-disaster state), Rehabilitation and Reconstruction
• Mitigation Strategies

  1. Risk Assessment

  2. Various mitigation strategies or measures (Capacities)
• Hazard Identification


  • Industrial chemicals
  • Transportation elements
  • Collections of people in areas with limited access
  • Environmental and meteorological hazards
  • Explosions and terrorism
• Risk Assessment Benefits: Prevention or removal of hazards, removal of at-risk populations from hazards, provision of public information and education, establishment of early warning systems, reduction of risk posed by some hazards, enhancement of a local community’s capacity to respond during disasters
• Disaster Preparedness Goals

  • Achieve a satisfactory level of readiness to respond to any emergency situation
  • Develop programs that strengthen the technical and managerial capacity of governments, organizations, and communities
  • Build response mechanisms and procedures, rehearsals, develop long-term and short-term strategies, public education, and build early warning systems
• Type of Vulnerability

  • Tangible/Material: People, Property, Economy, Environment
  • Intangible/Abstract: Social structures, Cultural practices, Cohesion, Motivation
• Mitigation Strategies and Measures

  • Adjusting normal development programs to reduce losses
  • Economic diversification
  • Developing disaster-resistant economic activities
• Risk Assessment: Hazard Identification - Potential to danger or disaster
• Risk Assessment: Vulnerability Analysis - Vulnerability is the extent to which a community’s structure, services or environment is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a hazard
• Risk

  HAZARD X VULNERABILITY LEVEL OF PREPAREDNESS
• Data collected will be used to develop prevention strategies
• Disaster Preparedness is a continuous and integrated process involving a wide range of activities and resources taken before the onset of a disaster from multi-sectoral sources
• Disaster Preparedness Measures

  • Preparedness plans
  • Emergency exercises/training
  • Warning systems
  • Emergency communications systems
  • Evacuation
• Risk Assessment utilizes the results of hazard identification and vulnerability analysis to determine the probability of a specified outcome from a given hazard affecting a community with known vulnerabilities
• Methods in Hazard Identification

  1. Understand the nature of the threat

  2. Identify variations of threats in between locations

  3. Frequency of occurrence of events/threats

  4. Identify possible risk factors
• Risk Assessment

  1. Hazard Identification

  2. Vulnerability Analysis
• Disaster Preparedness

  1. Planning

  2. Organizing

  3. Training

  4. Equipping

  5. Exercising

  6. Evaluation
• Vulnerability Analysis


  Methods used to determine who is most likely to be affected, what property is most likely to be damaged or destroyed, and the capability of the community to deal with the effects of the disaster
• Disaster Mitigation and preparedness go hand in hand. Mitigation is important, but preparedness is doubly important. It involves the preparation of people and essential service providers and requires global, national, community, and individual inputs
• Preparedness is important, but preparedness is doubly important
• Response and Relief

  Immediate action without delays, constructing contingency plans, and providing humanitarian aid and emergency medical care
• Disaster Response aims to provide immediate assistance, maintain life, improve health, and support morale
• Survivor Response and Coping

  Assessing victims, providing social services, helping them adjust to trauma, and ensuring active participation for healthy recovery
• Evacuation and Migration


  Involves relocating a population from zones at risk of an imminent disaster to a safer location with measures like timely warning systems, clear escape routes, established evacuation procedures, and public education programs
• Disaster Risk Reduction forms the pillar of disaster preparedness
• Post-disaster Assessment

  Providing a clear picture of the post-disaster situation, identifying relief needs, and developing recovery strategies
• Warning

  Rapidly disseminate warnings to government officials, institutions, and the population at large in areas at immediate risk using methods like radio, television, written press, telephone/cell phones, and media
• Communication and Information Management

  Utilizing communication equipment like radios, telephones, and information management systems for effective disaster communication
• Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

  Physical measures to reduce vulnerability and exposure of infrastructure to natural hazards and provide coping and adaptive infrastructure in case of a disaster event
• Disaster Response involves putting preparedness plans into action
• Disaster Response Activities

  1. Warning

  2. Evacuation and Migration

  3. Search and Rescue (SAR)

  4. Post-disaster Assessment

  5. Response and Relief

  6. Logistics and Supply

  7. Communication and Information Management

  8. Survivor Response and Coping

  9. Security

  10. Emergency Operations Plan

  11. Rehabilitation

  12. Reconstruction
• Disaster Preparedness Measures

  1. Preparedness plans

  2. Emergency exercises/training

  3. Warning systems

  4. Emergency communications systems

  5. Evacuations plans and training

  6. Resource inventories

  7. Emergency personnel/contact lists

  8. Mutual aid agreements

  9. Public information/education
• Disaster Risk Reduction Recommendations

  1. Policy, planning and capacity building in disaster management

  2. Physical prevention such as building sea-walls against storm surge or flood shelters

  3. Capacity building at institutional and systemic level in disaster preparedness