2.1.2 Biological Molecules

• Codons are located on the ?

  mRNA
• Name the enzyme that facilitate opening of DNA helix during transcription?

  RNA Polymerase
• What are some functions of lipids?

  • Structural components in cell membranes
  • Waterproofing
  • long term energy storage
• Cholesterol strengthens and stabilises the cell membrane
• Some codons are specific for the same animo acid
• Starch is a …..?

  Polysachharide
• phosphate groups are hydrophillic
• What bases are pyrimidines?

  • Thymine
  • Cytosine
  • Uracil
• When the mRNA sequence leaves the nucleus , what organelle does it travel to?

  Ribosome
• Where in the cell does translation take place?

  The Ribosome
• Scientists analysed a section of double stranded DNA. There were 68 bases in total (34 base pairs) and 22 of the bases were adenine. How many bases were guanine? 12 bases
• Where does transcription take place?

  Nucleus
• the process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ?

  Translation
• What occurs first in translation?

  The ribosome binds to mRNA
• How would the DNA Sequence GCTATA be trancribed into mRNA?

  CGAUAU
• What is the correct sequence of protein synthesis?

  1. tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome

  B. DNA molecules serve as the templates for mRNA.

  C. mRNA molecules move to ribosomes.

  D. Polypeptides are formed on ribosomes.

  B - C-A -D
• A nucleotide is composed of?

  • pentose monosaccharide
  • phosphate grooup
  • nitrogenous base
• Unsaturated fats are ——— at room temperature?

  Liquids
• How many nucleotides make up a single codon?

  3
• What part of the Phospholipid molecule is hydrophillic?


  Phosphate head
• an example of an unsaturated fat would be?

  vegetable oil
• a phospholipid can be split into 2 parts, what are they?

  Hydrophilic head

  Hydrophobic tail
• Anticodons are complimentary to?

  Codons
• name the bone that joins amino acids together?

  Peptide
• How do RNA and DNA differ?

  RNA contains uracil and ribose
• saturated fats are solid at room temperature.
• What Monosaccharide is this?

  Beta Glucose

  
• Which part of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophobic?

  The fatty acid tail
• Which Monosacchaide is Fructose?

  C

  
• Fructose is a Mono/di/poly saccharide?

  Monosaccharide?
• A mRNA sequence consist of 171 nucleotides. How many amino acids make up the protein this sequence will code for?
• Which of the following molecules make up the basic structure of a cell membrane?

  Phospholipids
• What type of lipid is this?

  Triglyceride

  
• Anticodons are located on?

  tRNA
• What is the name of the bond that forms between the phosphate group at C5 of one nucleotide of the next pentose sugar?

  Phosphodiester bond
• Waxes are typically what which is why lipids are often useful for waterproofing?

  Hydrophobic
• How does a polypeptide become a functioning protein?

  only after it has been folded into its exact 3D Shape
• What two polysaccharides contain 1-6 glycosidic bonds?

  Amylopectin and Glycogen
• What are different examples of lipid ?

  • Triglyceride
  • Waxes
  • Steriods
  • Phospholipids
• How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides:ATG GGA ACT CCA

  4